{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:00:54Z","timestamp":1774616454444,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["XDA2010030807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA2010030807"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2018YFC1506001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506001"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program","award":["2021Z007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Z007"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA2010030807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA2010030807"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2018YFC1506001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506001"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2021Z007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Z007"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program on monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program on monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster","award":["XDA2010030807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA2010030807"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program on monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster","award":["2018YFC1506001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506001"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program on monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster","award":["2021Z007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Z007"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2019QZKK0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0105"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["XDA2010030807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA2010030807"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2018YFC1506001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506001"]}]},{"name":"Basic Research Fund of CAMS","award":["2021Z007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021Z007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) vegetation plays an important role in the local ecosystem, which responds significantly to climate change and can affect local and large-scale weather and climate anomalies. However, little attention has been paid to its year-to-year variation. In this paper, using two NDVI datasets (GIMMS and MODIS) originated from satellite remote sensing, the variability characteristics of NDVI over the TP on the interannual time scale and associated local climatic factors were investigated. The results show that two primary patterns of NDVI governed TP during the main growing season (June\u2013September, JJAS) for the period 1982\u20132020. The first one is a uniform pattern, with a consistent spatial variation over the entire TP, and the second is a dipole pattern, with an out-of-phase spatial variation of NDVI between the northern and southern TP. Interannual variations of the different climatic factors regulate the NDVI variability over the different regions of the TP. The interannual variability of the uniform NDVI pattern is mainly affected by the two local climatic factors, the preceding May\u2013August precipitation and simultaneous JJAS sunshine duration. Specifically, NDVIs over the southern and eastern TP have a more significant response to the preceding precipitation and simultaneous sunshine duration, respectively. The variability of the dipole NDVI pattern is primarily modulated by the preceding May\u2013August precipitation and simultaneous surface air temperature, ground surface temperature, and sunshine duration. However, NDVIs over the northern and southern TP have different degrees of response to the four climatic factors, with the most significant response being to preceding precipitation. The combined effect of these factors contributes to the formation of the interannual variability in the uniform and dipole patterns. This paper may shed light on deeply understanding the reasons for the inconsistency in variations of vegetation over the different regions of the TP under climate change. In addition to the effect of local climatic factors that this study focuses on, the influence of external climatic factors on the variability of the TP NDVI deserves further research in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14205183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"5183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Primary Interannual Variability Patterns of the Growing-Season NDVI over the Tibetan Plateau and Main Climatic Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7194-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Li","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/382146a0","article-title":"Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from atmospheric CO2 measurements","volume":"382","author":"Keeling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/30460","article-title":"Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change","volume":"393","author":"Cao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"204","article-title":"Analysis of the Vegetation Cover Change and the Relationship between NDVI and Environmental Factors by Using NOAA Time Series Data","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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