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The main objective of these implementations is achieving higher scalability without compromising performance. This paper reviews the scalability and performance of state-of-the-art PCDM systems with respect to both parallel architectures and data models. More specifically, in terms of parallel architectures, shared-memory architecture, shared-disk architecture, and shared-nothing architecture are considered. In terms of data models, relational models, and novel data models (such as wide-column models) are considered. New structured query language (NewSQL) models are considered. The impacts of parallel architectures and data models are discussed with respect to theoretical perspectives and in the context of existing PCDM implementations. Based on the review, a methodical approach for the selection of parallel architectures and data models for highly scalable and performance-efficient PCDM system development is proposed. Finally, notable research gaps in the PCDM literature are presented as possible directions for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14205277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:09:23Z","timestamp":1666606163000},"page":"5277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Scalability and Performance of LiDAR Point Cloud Data Management Systems: A State-of-the-Art Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chamin Nalinda","family":"Lokugam Hewage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debra F.","family":"Laefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6471-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anh-Vu","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nhien-An","family":"Le-Khac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0122-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michela","family":"Bertolotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.14778\/2824032.2824110","article-title":"GIS navigation boosted by column stores","volume":"8","author":"Alvanaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. 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