{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:05:34Z","timestamp":1768417534581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C1095535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C1095535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A6A1A08025520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A08025520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["NRF-2021R1A2C1095535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A2C1095535"]}]},{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["2018R1A6A1A08025520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A6A1A08025520"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Korea\u2019s second geostationary meteorological satellite, Geo-Kompsat-2A (Geostationary-Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A, GK2A), was successfully launched on 4 December 2018. GK2A generates Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) every 10 min in the full disk area. This data has been disseminated via Global Telecommunication System (GTS) since 25 October 2019. This article evaluates the quality of GK2A AMVs in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) atmospheric data assimilation system (ADAS). The data show slow wind speed biases at 200\u2013300 hPa and 600\u2013800 hPa in the northern and southern hemispheres. These biases are caused by observation height assignment errors near jet streams. The Equivalent Blackbody Temperature (EBBT) method of GK2A tends to assign clouds at higher altitude, which mainly causes slow wind speed biases, especially in the lower atmosphere. The IR\/WV intercept method of GK2A assigns clouds slightly lower in the atmospheric layers below the altitude of 400 hPa, which causes positive biases. Quality control (QC) criteria to select the most suitable GK2A AMV data for assimilation are presented based on these quality assessments. A new QC criterion utilizing height errors within the GEOS ADAS is introduced to exclude data with slow wind speed biases and large errors. GEOS forecast accuracy is slightly improved after assimilating GK2A AMVs along with other conventional, radiance, and satellite winds which include AMVs made by the Himawari-8 satellite in nearly the same observational area of GK2A. Additionally, the present work shows that GEOS forecasts can be significantly improved, especially in the tropics and southern hemisphere after assimilating GK2A data in the absence of Himawari-8 AMVs. This study demonstrates that GK2A AMV data is a valuable data source to enhance the robustness of GEOS ADAS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:09:23Z","timestamp":1666606163000},"page":"5287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment of Geo-Kompsat-2A Atmospheric Motion Vector Data and Its Assimilation Impact in the GEOS Atmospheric Data Assimilation System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eunhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 07062, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"},{"name":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Todling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6630-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan M.","family":"Karpowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"},{"name":"Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research II, Greenbelt, MD 20768, USA"},{"name":"Earth and Space Research Administration, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"},{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Sewnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"},{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon Ki","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lean, K., Bormann, N., and Salonen, K. 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