{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:46:15Z","timestamp":1771847175505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)\u2014Finance Code 001."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies have shown that deforestation can cause changes in energy, moisture, and precipitation flows, with implications for local and regional climate. These studies generally focus on understanding how the hydrological cycle is impacted by deforestation, but few studies have investigated these impacts on cloud microphysics in tropical forest regions. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of deforestation on the microphysical parameters of clouds, based on data extracted from active and passive orbital sensors from the TRMM satellite. The study area comprised the state of Rond\u00f4nia, Brazil. The analyses of the microphysical parameters extracted from the Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) sensors of the 2A-CLIM and 2A25 products were performed considering a period of 14 years. The parameters analyzed were Rain Water Path (RWP), Ice Water Path (IWP), Surface Precipitation (SP), Freezing Level Height (FH), and Rainfall Type (RT). Land cover type data were extracted from the Project to Monitor Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PMDA). Our results showed that local deforestation significantly altered the microphysical parameters of the study region. In general, the values of the microphysical parameters of the clouds in the transition areas (locations where forest pixels are neighbors to deforested pixels) were about 5\u201325% higher compared to forested and deforested areas associated with a higher frequency of episodes of convective rainfall possibly driven by mesoscale circulations. Correspondingly, forested areas had higher rainfall rates compared to deforested areas. Meanwhile, deforested areas had higher amounts for IWP, of around 1\u201316%, and FH, of around 2\u20138%, in relation to forested areas. Conversely, the RWP showed a decrease of around 2\u201320%. These results suggest that the microphysical structure of clouds has different characteristics when related to forested and deforested areas in the Amazon. This is useful for evaluation of simulations of cloud microphysical parameters in numerical models of weather and climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T07:17:48Z","timestamp":1666768668000},"page":"5353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of the Influence of Deforestation on the Microphysical Parameters of Clouds in the Amazon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helder Jos\u00e9 Farias","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Doctoral-Climate Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Department of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Substitute Teacher-Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Macei\u00f3 57072-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Weber Andrade","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Teacher-Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bergson Guedes","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Teacher-Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Mois\u00e9s","family":"Santos e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Teacher-Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano Prestrelo de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Teacher-Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Rodrigues","family":"Mutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Teacher-Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2016.1232874","article-title":"The impact of deforestation on the hydrological cycle in Amazonia as observed from remote sensing","volume":"37","author":"Vergopolan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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