{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1777024233295,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["438310\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["438310\/2018-7"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["438310\/2018-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["438310\/2018-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different algorithms for forecasting and tracking meteorological systems have been developed over the years. Many of them are used to study cloud propagation, precipitation and lightning for nowcasting. Therefore, it is necessary to define carefully the parameters (e.g., intensity thresholds and minimum size) that impact tracking of these variables. In order to represent the physical aspects of rain propagation over the Amazon region, several methods of correction and displacement detection were studied. Different parameters were used to validate the methods based on the extrapolated rain cell. A probability detection of 78.4% and 68.6% was achieved for 20 dBZ thresholds during the wet and dry season, respectively. However, the POD decreases for higher reflectivity thresholds. The results for corrections by Inner Nuclei showed that embedded convection can dictate the propagation of rain cells. Split and merge corrections performed well; however, they applied only to a few cases. Corrections performed better for precipitating systems with larger areas and longer duration. The correction methods showed similar skills for both seasons. Which shows that they are able to monitor rain cells throughout the year. The automated combination of different methods for the 20 dBZ threshold proved to be the best choice for tracking rainfall in the Amazon region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"5408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Multi-Thresholds and Vector Correction for Tracking Precipitating Systems over the Amazon Basin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helvecio B.","family":"Leal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan J. P.","family":"Calheiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique M. J.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-9805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8386-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 12227-010, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1015-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office for the Americas (RAM) of World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 2300, Asunci\u00f3n 001005, Paraguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-8196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e2mia R.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 09972-270, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elbert E. N.","family":"Macau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos 09972-270, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marengo, J.A., and Nobre, C.A. (2001). General characteristics and variability of climate. The Amazon Basin and Its Links to the Global Climate System the Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195114317.003.0005"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-43921998282126","article-title":"On the hydrological cycle of the Amazon Basin: A historical review and current state-of-the-art","volume":"28","author":"Fisch","year":"1998","journal-title":"SciELO Bras. 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