{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T04:46:21Z","timestamp":1776228381775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the early post-launch phase of the Landsat 9 mission, the Landsat 8 and 9 mission teams conducted a successful under-fly of Landsat 8 by Landsat 9, allowing for the near-simultaneous data collection of common Earth targets by the on-board sensors for cross-calibration. This effort, coordinated by the Landsat Calibration and Validation team, required contributions from various entities across National Aeronautics and Space Administration and U.S. Geological Survey such as Flight Dynamics, Systems, Mission Planning, and Flight Operations teams, beginning about 18 months prior to launch. Plans existed to allow this under-fly for any possible launch date of Landsat 9. This included 16 ascent plans and 16 data acquisition plans, one for every day of the Landsat orbital repeat period, with a minimum of 5 days of useful coverage overlap between the sensors. After the Landsat 9 launch, the plan executed, and led to the acquisition of over 2000 partial to full overlapping scene pairs. Although containing less than the expected number of scenes, this dataset was larger than previous Landsat mission under-fly efforts and more than sufficient for performing cross-calibration of the Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 sensors. The details of the planning process and execution of this under-fly are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"5414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Landsat 9 Cross Calibration Under-Fly of Landsat 8: Planning, and Execution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Kaita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems Applications Inc@NASA GSFC, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA GSFC, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0914-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Obaidul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Dichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA GSFC, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7158-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Gerace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Good","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I. Solutions@NASA GSFC, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.I. Solutions@NASA GSFC, Code 595, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7145-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"NASA Technical Memorandum (TM) (2013). Landsat-4 World Reference System (WRS) Users Guide October 1982, Doc ID:19830013208, NASA-TM-85284."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2022, October 01). U.S. Geological Survey, WRS-2 Path\/Row (Landsats 4, 5 and 7) and UTM Zones, Available online: https:\/\/landsat.usgs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/wrs2.gif."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00248-6","article-title":"Radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-5 TM sensors based on tandem data sets","volume":"78","author":"Teillet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12619","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61212619","article-title":"Radiometric cross calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Mann, L.M., Nicholson, A.M., Good, S.M., and Woodard, M.A. (February, January 29). Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) Ascent and Operational Orbit Design. Proceedings of the 22nd AAS\/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, AAS 12-254, Charleston, SC, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gross, G., Helder, D., Begeman, C., Leigh, L., Kaewmanee, M., and Shah, R. (2022). Initial Cross-Calibration of Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 Using the Simultaneous Underfly Event. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102418"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choate, M.J., Rengarajan, R., Storey, J.C., and Lubke, M. (2022). Landsat 9 Geometric Characteristics Using Underfly Data. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153781"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/21\/5414\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:05:02Z","timestamp":1760144702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/21\/5414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14215414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14215414","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]}}}