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Overall, there is general agreement between the global patterns of the time and length scales of SSS variability estimated from the three satellite missions. The temporal scales of SSS variability vary from more than 90 days in the tropics to ~15 days in the Southern Ocean. The very short temporal scales (close to the Nyquist period) in some parts of the ocean are probably due to the high level of noise in the satellite data or the high noise-to-signal ratio. The longest temporal scales are observed along the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and in the central and western tropical Pacific. These areas are also related to the strongest ENSO-related signal in SSS. The processes governing the SSS variability and distribution are also non-stationary, such that the scales determined over different observation periods may differ. Dominant spatial scales of SSS variability are generally the longest (up to 150 km) in the tropics and the shortest (&lt;60 km) in the subpolar regions. The distribution of the dominant spatial scales is not simply latitudinal but exhibits a more complex spatial pattern. In the tropics, there is slight east-west and inter-hemispheric asymmetry observed in the Pacific but absent in the other two oceans. The analysis also reveals that the length scales of SSS variability are highly anisotropic in the tropics (the zonal scales are generally shorter than the meridional ones) and become more isotropic towards higher latitudes. Regional differences in the estimates of the scales from the three satellite SSS datasets may arise due to differences in the observation duration, spatial resolution and\/or different level of noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T09:01:42Z","timestamp":1667120502000},"page":"5435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Satellite-Observed Time and Length Scales of Global Sea Surface Salinity Variability: A Comparison of Three Satellite Missions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Daling Li","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Melnichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"},{"name":"Earth and Space Research, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"},{"name":"Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2008.63","article-title":"Salinity and the Global Water Cycle","volume":"21","author":"Schmitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2015.03","article-title":"Ocean Salinity and the Global Water Cycle","volume":"28","author":"Durack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00243","article-title":"Satellite Salinity Observing System: Recent Discoveries and the Way Forward","volume":"6","author":"Vinogradova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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