{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:56:15Z","timestamp":1784123775234,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03998521001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03998521001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03082722002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03082722002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["X21018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X21018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Categorized Development Quota Project","award":["03998521001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03998521001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Categorized Development Quota Project","award":["03082722002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03082722002"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Categorized Development Quota Project","award":["X21018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X21018"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Young Scholars\u2019 Research Ability Improvement Program","award":["03998521001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03998521001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Young Scholars\u2019 Research Ability Improvement Program","award":["03082722002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03082722002"]}]},{"name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Young Scholars\u2019 Research Ability Improvement Program","award":["X21018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X21018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional point cloud has been widely used in the cultural heritage field in the last two decades, gaining attention from both academic and industry communities. A large number of scientific papers have been published concerning this topic, which covers a wide range of journals, countries, and disciplines. There has been no comprehensive and systematic survey of recent literature performed in a scientometric way based on the complex network analysis methods. In this work, we extracted the terms (i.e., noun phrases included in the title, abstract and keywords), the documents, the countries that the research institutions are located in, and the categories that the literature belongs to from the Web of Science database to compose a term co-occurrence network, document co-citation network, collaborative country network and category co-occurrence network using CiteSpace software. Through visualizing and analyzing those networks, we identified the research hotspots, landmark literature, national collaboration, interdisciplinary patterns as well as the emerging trends through assessing the central nodes and the nodes with strong citation bursts. This work not only provides a structured view on state-of-art literature, but also reveals the future trends of employing 3D point cloud data for cultural heritage, aiding researchers carry out further research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T03:53:07Z","timestamp":1667447587000},"page":"5542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["3D Point Cloud for Cultural Heritage: A Scientometric Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shishuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8324-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Urban Mobility Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2019.02.007","article-title":"Applications of 3D point cloud data in the construction industry: A fifteen-year review from 2004 to 2018","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doulamis, A., Voulodimos, A., Protopapadakis, E., Doulamis, N., and Makantasis, K. (2020). Automatic 3D Modeling and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage Sites from Twitter Images. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12104223"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04017005","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000652","article-title":"Image-based technologies for constructing as-is building information models for existing buildings","volume":"31","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2010.06.007","article-title":"Automatic reconstruction of as-built building information models from laser-scanned point clouds: A review of related techniques","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2020.12.003","article-title":"Survey and literature study to provide insights on the application of 3D technologies in objects conservation and restoration","volume":"49","author":"Acke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2017.11.006","article-title":"Recent trends in cultural heritage 3D survey: The photogrammetric computer vision approach","volume":"32","author":"Aicardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2007.06.003","article-title":"Documentation of cultural heritage using digital photogrammetry and laser scanning","volume":"8","author":"Yastikli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.822592","article-title":"High-accuracy 3D modeling of cultural heritage: The digitizing of Donatello\u2019s \u201cMaddalena\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Guidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2006.10.007","article-title":"Methods for 3D digitization of cultural heritage","volume":"8","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1296-2074(01)01108-6","article-title":"3D digitizing of cultural heritage","volume":"2","author":"Pieraccini","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2017.10.026","article-title":"An integrated Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), Deviation Analysis (DA) and Finite Element (FE) approach for health assessment of historical structures. A minaret case study","volume":"153","author":"Korumaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Micoli, L., Guidi, G., Angheleddu, D., and Russo, M. (November, January 28). A multidisciplinary approach to 3D survey and reconstruction of historical buildings. Proceedings of the 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage), Marseille, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/DigitalHeritage.2013.6744760"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poux, F., Valembois, Q., Mattes, C., Kobbelt, L., and Billen, R. (2020). Initial user-centered design of a virtual reality heritage system: Applications for digital tourism. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12162583"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2011.05.005","article-title":"An application of digital point cloud to historic architecture in digital archives","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, L., Chen, S., Liu, X., Xu, H., Wu, Y., Li, M., and Chen, Y. (2018). Registration of laser scanning point clouds: A review. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051641"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1Tobiasz, A., Markiewicz, J., \u0141api\u0144ski, S., Nikel, J., Kot, P., and Muradov, M. (2019). Review of Methods for Documentation, Management, and Sustainability of Cultural Heritage. Case Study: Museum of King Jan III\u2019s Palace at Wilan\u00f3w. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11247046"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103856","article-title":"Semantic interpretation of architectural and archaeological geometries: Point cloud segmentation for HBIM parameterisation","volume":"130","author":"Moyano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Santos, D., Sousa, H.S., Cabaleiro, M., and Branco, J.M. (2022). HBIM Application in Historic Timber Structures: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Archit. Herit., 1\u201315."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leydesdorff, L., and Milojevi\u0107, S. (2015). Scientometrics. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086-8.85030-8"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao0185","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao0185","article-title":"Science of science","volume":"359","author":"Fortunato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.04.002","article-title":"A scientometric review of global BIM research: Analysis and visualization","volume":"80","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez, P., Al-Hussein, M., and Ahmad, R. (2019). A scientometric analysis and critical review of computer vision applications for construction. Autom. Constr., 107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102947"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashidi, M., Mohammadi, M., Kivi, S.S., Abdolvand, M.M., Linh, T.H., and Samali, B. (2020). A Decade of Modern Bridge Monitoring Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning: Review and Future Directions. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223796"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balz, T. (2022). Scientometric Full-Text Analysis of Papers Published in Remote Sensing between 2009 and 2021. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174285"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1517\/21678707.2014.920251","article-title":"Orphan drugs and rare diseases: A scientometric review (2000\u20132014)","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Orphan Drugs"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307513100","article-title":"Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage5020067","article-title":"3D Reconstruction & Modeling of the Traditional Greek Trechadiri: \u201cAghia Varvara\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Arapakopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mihu-Pintilie, A., Bra\u0219oveanu, C., and Stoleriu, C.C. (2022). Using UAV Survey, High-Density LiDAR Data and Automated Relief Analysis for Habitation Practices Characterization during the Late Bronze Age in NE Romania. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14102466"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.10.009","article-title":"NRLI-UAV: Non-rigid registration of sequential raw laser scans and images for low-cost UAV LiDAR point cloud quality improvement","volume":"158","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6065671","article-title":"A Photogrammetric and Computer Vision-Based Approach for Automated 3D Architectural Modeling and Its Typological Analysis","volume":"6","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2009.09.004","article-title":"Multi-scale cultural heritage survey: Quick digital photogrammetric systems","volume":"10","author":"Salonia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2014.09.014","article-title":"Laser scanning and 3D modeling of the Shukhov hyperboloid tower in Moscow","volume":"16","author":"Leonov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantino, D., Vozza, G., Alfio, V.S., and Pepe, M. (2021). Strategies for 3D Modelling of Buildings from Airborne Laser Scanner and Photogrammetric Data Based on Free-Form and Model-Driven Methods: The Case Study of the Old Town Centre of Bordeaux (France). Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app112210993"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2020.01.006","article-title":"Implementation of ultra-light UAV systems for cultural heritage documentation","volume":"44","author":"Bakirman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2013.11.009","article-title":"Efficiently capturing large, complex cultural heritage sites with a handheld mobile 3D laser mapping system","volume":"15","author":"Zlot","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herban, S., Costantino, D., Alfio, V.S., and Pepe, M. (2022). Use of Low-Cost Spherical Cameras for the Digitisation of Cultural Heritage Structures into 3D Point Clouds. J. Imaging, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging8010013"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lose, L.T., Spreafico, A., Chiabrando, F., and Tonolo, F.G. (2022). Apple LiDAR Sensor for 3D Surveying: Tests and Results in the Cultural Heritage Domain. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174157"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantino, D., Vozza, G., Pepe, M., and Alfio, V.S. (2022). Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges. Appl. Syst. Innov., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/asi5040063"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.78.4.309","article-title":"Laser Scanning in Heritage Documentation: The Scanning Pipeline and its Challenges","volume":"78","author":"Ruther","year":"2012","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorbani, F., Ebadi, H., Pfeifer, N., and Sedaghat, A. (2022). Uniform and Competency-Based 3D Keypoint Detection for Coarse Registration of Point Clouds with Homogeneous Structure. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14164099"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Zha, B., Zhou, Y., Huang, J., Xuchen, Y., and Zhang, H. (2022). Single-Stage Adaptive Multi-Scale Point Cloud Noise Filtering Algorithm Based on Feature Information. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020367"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, R., Park, J., Hu, X., Yang, S., and Cho, K. (2021). Reflective Noise Filtering of Large-Scale Point Cloud Using Multi-Position LiDAR Sensing Data. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13163058"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Chu, T., Jiao, Y.F., Zhou, M.Q., Geng, G.H., Li, K., and Cao, X. (2022). Multi-Scale Upsampling GAN Based Hole-Filling Framework for High-Quality 3D Cultural Heritage Artifacts. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094581"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, Z.F., Yang, N., Xiao, X.W., Zhang, L., and Peng, Z. (2016). A Multi-View Dense Point Cloud Generation Algorithm Based on Low-Altitude Remote Sensing Images. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050381"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaiani, M., Remondino, F., Apollonio, F., and Ballabeni, A. (2016). An Advanced Pre-Processing Pipeline to Improve Automated Photogrammetric Reconstructions of Architectural Scenes. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8030178"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10413","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110413","article-title":"Tridimensional Reconstruction Applied to Cultural Heritage with the Use of Camera-Equipped UAV and Terrestrial Laser Scanner","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15520","DOI":"10.3390\/s150715520","article-title":"UAV-Based Photogrammetry and Integrated Technologies for Architectural Applications\u2014Methodological Strategies for the After-Quake Survey of Vertical Structures in Mantua (Italy)","volume":"15","author":"Achille","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2015.07.005","article-title":"Towards the definition of best 3D practices in archaeology: Assessing 3D documentation techniques for intra-site data recording","volume":"17","author":"Galeazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lvez, P., Jim\u00e9nez Fern\u00e1ndez-Palacios, B., Mu\u00f1oz-Nieto, \u00c1., Arias-Sanchez, P., and Gonzalez-Aguilera, D. (2017). Mobile LiDAR System: New Possibilities for the Documentation and Dissemination of Large Cultural Heritage Sites. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9030189"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2017.02.007","article-title":"An UAS-assisted multi-sensor approach for 3D modeling and reconstruction of cultural heritage site","volume":"26","author":"Erenoglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puente, I., Solla, M., Laguela, S., and Sanjurjo-Pinto, J. (2018). Reconstructing the Roman Site \u201cAquis Querquennis\u201d (Bande, Spain) from GPR, T-LiDAR and IRT Data Fusion. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10030379"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alicandro, M., Di Angelo, L., Di Stefano, P., Dominici, D., Guardiani, E., and Zollini, S. (2022). Fast and Accurate Registration of Terrestrial Point Clouds Using a Planar Approximation of Roof Features. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14132986"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage5030099","article-title":"Rapid and Accurate Production of 3D Point Cloud via Latest-Generation Sensors in the Field of Cultural Heritage: A Comparison between SLAM and Spherical Videogrammetry","volume":"5","author":"Pepe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.06.012","article-title":"A scalable and multi-purpose point cloud server (PCS) for easier and faster point cloud data management and processing","volume":"127","author":"Cura","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-4754.2010.00566.x","article-title":"Orthoimage-Based Documentation of Archaeological Structures: The Case of a Mediaeval Wall in Pontevedra, Spain","volume":"53","author":"Arias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archaeometry"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage4030071","article-title":"Positional Accuracy Assessment of Digital Orthophoto Based on UAV Images: An Experience on an Archaeological Area","volume":"4","author":"Korumaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16963","DOI":"10.3390\/rs71215869","article-title":"A New Approach to the Generation of Orthoimages of Cultural Heritage Objects\u2014Integrating TLS and Image Data","volume":"7","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2010.06.031","article-title":"Terrestrial laser scanning intensity data applied to damage detection for historical buildings","volume":"37","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-020-00371-6","article-title":"Linear feature extraction from point cloud using color information","volume":"8","author":"Alshawabkeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Herit. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masiero, A., and Costantino, D. (2019, January 8\u201310). TLS for Detecting Small Damages on a Building Facade. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Geomatics and Restoration (GEORES), Milan, Italy.","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W11-831-2019"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2018.09.014","article-title":"Advanced damage detection techniques in historical buildings using digital photogrammetry and 3D surface anlysis","volume":"36","author":"Galantucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage4020043","article-title":"Feature-Based Point Cloud-Based Assessment of Heritage Structures for Nondestructive and Noncontact Surface Damage Detection","volume":"4","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkadri, M.F., Alam, S., Santosa, H., Yudono, A., and Beselly, S.M. (2022). Investigating Surface Fractures and Materials Behavior of Cultural Heritage Buildings Based on the Attribute Information of Point Clouds Stored in the TLS Dataset. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14020410"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1108\/02630800910985108","article-title":"Historic building information modelling (HBIM)","volume":"27","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Struct. Surv."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Implementation and Management of Structural Deformations into Historic Building Information Models","volume":"14","author":"Moyano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Archit. Herit."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2021.1983754","article-title":"Development of historic building information modelling: A systematic literature review","volume":"50","author":"Bastem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Res. Inf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Guo, J., and Kim, M.-K. (2019). An Application Oriented Scan-to-BIM Framework. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11030365"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/heritage3010004","article-title":"A Scan-to-BIM Methodology Applied to Heritage Buildings","volume":"3","author":"Rocha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heritage"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103922","article-title":"An efficient data structure approach for BIM-to-point-cloud change detection using modifiable nested octree","volume":"132","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104518","article-title":"From scan-to-BIM to a structural finite elements model of built heritage for dynamic simulation","volume":"142","author":"Ursini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pepe, M., Costantino, D., and Restuccia Garofalo, A. (2020). An Efficient Pipeline to Obtain 3D Model for HBIM and Structural Analysis Purposes from 3D Point Clouds. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041235"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2020.03.010","article-title":"Bringing BIM to archaeological heritage: Interdisciplinary method\/strategy and accuracy applied to a megalithic monument of the Copper Age","volume":"45","author":"Moyano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andriasyan, M., Moyano, J., Nieto-Juli\u00e1n, J.E., and Ant\u00f3n, D. (2020). From Point Cloud Data to Building Information Modelling: An Automatic Parametric Workflow for Heritage. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071094"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1080\/15583058.2017.1415391","article-title":"Accuracy evaluation of the semi-automatic 3D modeling for historical building information models","volume":"12","author":"Medjdoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Archit. Herit."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2016.11.011","article-title":"Toward automatic generation of 3D steel structures for building information modelling","volume":"74","author":"Laefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H., Park, J.J., and Yoon, H. (2020). Automatic Bridge Design Parameter Extraction for Scan-to-BIM. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10207346"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Lu, Y.-C., Murtiyoso, A., Koehl, M., and Grussenmeyer, P. (2019). HBIM Modeling from the Surface Mesh and Its Extended Capability of Knowledge Representation. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8070301"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capolupo, A. (2021). Accuracy Assessment of Cultural Heritage Models Extracting 3D Point Cloud Geometric Features with RPAS SfM-MVS and TLS Techniques. Drones, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/drones5040145"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grilli, E., and Remondino, F. (2019). Classification of 3D Digital Heritage. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11070847"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matrone, F., Grilli, E., Martini, M., Paolanti, M., Pierdicca, R., and Remondino, F. (2020). Comparing Machine and Deep Learning Methods for Large 3D Heritage Semantic Segmentation. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9090535"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierdicca, R., Paolanti, M., Matrone, F., Martini, M., Morbidoni, C., Malinverni, E.S., Frontoni, E., and Lingua, A.M. (2020). Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Using a Deep Learning Framework for Cultural Heritage. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12061005"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croce, V., Caroti, G., De Luca, L., Jacquot, K., Piemonte, A., and V\u00e9ron, P. (2021). From the Semantic Point Cloud to Heritage-Building Information Modeling: A Semiautomatic Approach Exploiting Machine Learning. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030461"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshawabkeh, Y., Baik, A., and Fallatah, A. (2021). As-Textured As-Built BIM Using Sensor Fusion, Zee Ain Historical Village as a Case Study. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13245135"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishanbaev, I., Champion, E., and McMeekin, D.A. (2021). A Web GIS-Based Integration of 3D Digital Models with Linked Open Data for Cultural Heritage Exploration. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10100684"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.26833\/ijeg.378257","article-title":"Gis and Three-Dimensional Modeling for Cultural Heritages","volume":"3","author":"Yakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2019.02.011","article-title":"Spatial analysis and heritage conservation: Leveraging 3-D data and GIS for monitoring earthen architecture","volume":"39","author":"Campiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colucci, E., Matrone, F., Noardo, F., Assumma, V., Datola, G., Appiotti, F., Bottero, M., Chiabrando, F., Lombardi, P., and Migliorini, M. (J. Cult. Herit. Manag. Sustain. Dev., 2022). Documenting cultural heritage in an INSPIRE-based 3D GIS for risk and vulnerability analysis, J. Cult. Herit. Manag. Sustain. Dev., ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1108\/JCHMSD-04-2021-0068"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.102827","article-title":"Spatial distribution of natural hazards and their proximity to heritage sites: Case of the United Arab Emirates","volume":"71","author":"Yagoub","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12518-019-00275-6","article-title":"Implementation of a system WebGIS open-source for the protection and sustainable management of rural heritage","volume":"12","author":"Costantino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Geomat."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2021.05.006","article-title":"Scan to BIM for the digital management and representation in 3D GIS environment of cultural heritage site","volume":"50","author":"Pepe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez, Y., Elez, J., Silva, P.G., Santos-Delgado, G., Giner-Robles, J.L., and Reicherter, K. (2022). 3D Modelling of Archaeoseismic Damage in the Roman Site of Baelo Claudia (Gibraltar Arc, South Spain). Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12105223"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pietroni, E., and Ferdani, D. (2021). Virtual Restoration and Virtual Reconstruction in Cultural Heritage: Terminology, Methodologies, Visual Representation Techniques and Cognitive Models. Information, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/info12040167"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, S., Hu, Q., Wang, S., and Yang, H. (2016). A Virtual Restoration Approach for Ancient Plank Road Using Mechanical Analysis with Precision 3D Data of Heritage Site. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8100828"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-017-0886-7","article-title":"Example-based 3D inpainting of point clouds using metric tensor and Christoffel symbols","volume":"29","author":"Setty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mach. Vis. Appl."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baik, A. (2021). The Use of Interactive Virtual BIM to Boost Virtual Tourism in Heritage Sites, Historic Jeddah. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10090577"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, M., Yang, S., Hu, Y., Wu, Y., Jiang, L., Zhao, S., and Wei, P. (2018). Novel Method for Virtual Restoration of Cultural Relics with Complex Geometric Structure Based on Multiscale Spatial Geometry. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7090353"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25892","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2969995","article-title":"Matching Method of Cultural Relic Fragments Constrained by Thickness and Contour Feature","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"3","article-title":"From data to wisdom","volume":"16","author":"Ackoff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Syst. Anal."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2022.108250","article-title":"Data for 3D reconstruction and point cloud classification using machine learning in cultural heritage environment","volume":"42","author":"Pepe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poux, F., Neuville, R., Van Wersch, L., Nys, G.-A., and Billen, R. (2017). 3D Point Clouds in Archaeology: Advances in Acquisition, Processing and Knowledge Integration Applied to Quasi-Planar Objects. Geosciences, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences7040096"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-2-W1-119-2016","article-title":"Smart Point Cloud: Definition and Remaining Challenges","volume":"IV-2\/W1","author":"Poux","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-107-2017","article-title":"Model for Semantically Rich Point Cloud Data","volume":"IV-4\/W5","author":"Poux","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, S., Hou, M., Shaker, A., and Li, S. (2021). Modeling and Processing of Smart Point Clouds of Cultural Relics with Complex Geometries. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10090617"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponciano, J.J., Prudhomme, C., and Boochs, F. (2021). From Acquisition to Presentation-The Potential of Semantics to Support the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13112226"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-018-2695-9","article-title":"Emerging trends and new developments in information science: A document co-citation analysis (2009\u20132016)","volume":"115","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21694","article-title":"Predictive effects of structural variation on citation counts","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"1","article-title":"Science mapping: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Data Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., and Song, M. (2019). Visualizing a field of research: A methodology of systematic scientometric reviews. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223994"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2019.10.004","article-title":"Visualization analysis of high-speed railway research based on CiteSpace","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Policy"},{"key":"ref_110","unstructured":"Chen, C. (2016). CiteSpace: A Practical Guide for Mapping Scientific Literature, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_111","unstructured":"Khan, B.S., and Niazi, M.A. (2017). Network community detection: A review and visual survey. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04384-7","article-title":"Visualization analysis of big data research based on Citespace","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21309","article-title":"The structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple-perspective cocitation analysis","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.2001.9990249","article-title":"A faster algorithm for betweenness centrality","volume":"25","author":"Brandes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Math. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21128","article-title":"Applying centrality measures to impact analysis: A coauthorship network analysis","volume":"60","author":"Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., and Luo, Y. (2017, January 26\u201327). Degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality in social network. Proceedings of the 2017 2nd international Conference on Modelling, Simulation and Applied Mathematics (MSAM2017), Bangkok, Thailand.","DOI":"10.2991\/msam-17.2017.68"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1145\/585265.585268","article-title":"Approximation algorithms for classification problems with pairwise relationships: Metric labeling and Markov random fields","volume":"49","author":"Kleinberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-339-2017","article-title":"A review of point clouds segmentation and classification algorithms","volume":"42","author":"Grilli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4-351-2015","article-title":"Structural simulations and conservation analysis-historic building information model (HBIM)","volume":"40","author":"Dore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.161","article-title":"Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis","volume":"32","author":"Furukawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-9730.2010.00599.x","article-title":"Orientation and 3D modelling from markerless terrestrial images: Combining accuracy with automation","volume":"25","author":"Barazzetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Photogramm. Rec."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3061104","article-title":"Heritage recording and 3D modeling with photogrammetry and 3D scanning","volume":"3","author":"Remondino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/phor.12063","article-title":"State of the art in high density image matching","volume":"29","author":"Remondino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photogramm. Rec."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.11.006","article-title":"Historic Building Information Modelling\u2013Adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture","volume":"76","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.10.023","article-title":"Building Information Modeling (BIM) for existing buildings\u2014Literature review and future needs","volume":"38","author":"Volk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/21\/5542\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:09:47Z","timestamp":1760144987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/21\/5542"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14215542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14215542","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]}}}