{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:30:46Z","timestamp":1765960246279,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42027805","42192561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42027805","42192561"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The operational wind processor for the Ku-band scatterometers onboard HY-2 satellite series uses a quality control (QC) scheme based on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Since it is difficult to discriminate rain contamination from \u201ctrue\u201d high winds, the MLE-based wind QC is set in a conservative way, which rejects up to ~35% of high winds (w \u2265 20 m\/s) in HY-2 scatterometers (HSCATs). In this paper, the sensitivity of MLE and its spatially averaged value (i.e., MLEm) to wind quality and rain is reconsidered by analyzing the collocated HSCAT observations and buoy data, as well as rain data from the global precipitation measurement satellite\u2019s microwave imagers. It shows that MLEm is more effective than MLE in terms of flagging rain data. More interestingly, the HSCAT high winds are much less strongly affected by rain, compared to the prior Ku-band pencil-beam scatterometers (e.g., RapidScat). Consequently, a MLEm-based approach is proposed to improve the HSCAT wind QC, particularly for high winds. The new QC method results in ~8% rejections at 20 m\/s and above. Compared to the collocated buoy winds, the HSCAT high winds preserved by the new QC (but rejected by the operational QC) are of fairly good quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T09:23:37Z","timestamp":1667553817000},"page":"5565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["On the Quality Control of HY-2 Scatterometer High Winds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2012.658685","article-title":"The HY-2 satellite and its preliminary assessment","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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