{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:51:28Z","timestamp":1783011088509,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. DOE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the seasonal variation of dust aerosol vertical distribution using polarized Micropulse lidar (MPL) measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska (NSA) observatory from January 2013 to September 2017. For the first time, multi-year aerosol backscatter coefficients are retrieved at the ARM NSA site from MPL measurements and are consistent with co-located high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements. The high-quality aerosol backscatter coefficient retrievals are used to derive the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at the wavelength of 532 nm, which is used to identify the presence of dust aerosols. The annual cycles of the vertical distributions of dust backscatter coefficient and PDR and dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) show that aerosol loading has a maximum in late winter and early spring but a minimum in late summer and early autumn. Vertically, dust aerosol occurs in the entire troposphere in spring and winter and in the low and middle troposphere in summer and autumn. Because dust aerosols are effective ice nuclei, the seasonality of dust aerosol vertical distribution has important implications for the Arctic climate through aerosol\u2013cloud\u2013radiation interactions, primarily through impacting mixed-phase cloud processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"5581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seasonal Variation of Dust Aerosol Vertical Distribution in Arctic Based on Polarized Micropulse Lidar Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hailing","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5371-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0892-z","article-title":"Extremes become routine in an emerging new Arctic","volume":"10","author":"Landrum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-165-2011","article-title":"An Arctic CCN-limited cloud-aerosol regime","volume":"11","author":"Mauritsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. 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