{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:13:12Z","timestamp":1777587192761,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0200700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0200700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFE0126600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0126600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42171342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFE0200700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFE0200700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019YFE0126600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFE0126600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42171342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42171342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) is one of the main imaging sensors on the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) satellite. Due to the combination of high spatial and temporal resolution, the AGRI is suitable for continuously monitoring atmospheric aerosol. Existing studies only perform AOD retrieval on the dark target area of FY-4A\/AGRI, and the full disk AOD retrieval is still under exploration. The Neural Network AEROsol Retrieval for Geostationary Satellite (NNAeroG) based on the Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) was used to retrieve FY-4A\/AGRI full disk aerosol optical depth (AOD). The data from 111 ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Sun\u2013Sky Radiometer Observation Network (SONET) sites were used to train the neural network, and the data from 28 other sites were used for independent validation. FY-4A\/AGRI AOD data from 2017 to 2020 were validated over the full disk and three different surface types (vegetated areas, arid areas, and marine and coastal areas). For general validation, the AOD predicted by the application of NNAeroG to FY-4A\/AGRI observations is consistent with the ground-based reference AOD data. The validation of the FY-4A\/AGRI AOD versus the reference data set shows that the root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), R squared (R2), and percentage of data with errors within the expected error \u00b1 (0.05 + 15%) (EE15) are 0.237, 0.145, 0.733, and 58.7%, respectively. The AOD retrieval accuracy over vegetated areas is high but there is potential for improvement of the results over arid areas and marine and coastal areas. AOD retrieval results of FY-4A\/AGRI were compared under fine and coarse modes. The retrieved AOD has low accuracy in coarse mode but is better in coarse\u2013fine mixed mode and fine mode. The current AOD products over the ocean of NNAeroG-FY4A\/AGRI are not recommended. Further development of algorithms for marine areas is expected to improve the full disk AOD retrieval accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14215591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T03:02:22Z","timestamp":1667790142000},"page":"5591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["FY-4A\/AGRI Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval Capability Test and Validation Based on NNAeroG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haonan","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"},{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerrit","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengjie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5413-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yidan","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingfa","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16815","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD01496","article-title":"Passive remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect","volume":"102","author":"Kaufman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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