{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:48:24Z","timestamp":1762508904361,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"name":"New Frontiers in Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dry lowland and mangrove forests of Kutai National Park (KNP) in Indonesia provide invaluable ecosystem services to local human populations (&gt;200,000 in number), serve as immense carbon sinks to recapture anthropogenic emissions, and safeguard habitats for thousands of wildlife species including the critically endangered Northeast Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio). With recent reports of ongoing illegal logging and large-scale wildfires within this National Park, we sought to leverage the extensive catalogue and processing power of Google Earth Engine to track the rates and influences of forest loss within KNP over various time periods since 1997. We present estimates of forest loss from the Hansen Global Forest Change v1.9 dataset (2000\u20132021) which detected a loss of 15% (272 km2) of forest cover within KNP since 2000, half of which (137 km2) coincided with the El Ni\u00f1o-induced wildfires of 2015\u20132016. Using the MCD64A1 C6.1 MODIS dataset, we found significant spatial overlap between burned area and forest loss detections during the 2015\u20132016 period but identified considerable omissions in the burned area dataset over smallholder farms within KNP. We discuss the implications of deforestation in areas of primary orangutan habitat and how patterns of forest loss have influenced drought and fire dynamics within KNP. Finally, we compare time-series estimates of precipitation, the ENSO index, burned area, and forest loss to demonstrate that fire risk within KNP depends largely\u2014but not exclusively\u2014on drought severity, and that rates of non-fire (gradual) and fire-related (extreme) forest loss threaten the remaining forests of this National Park.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1667904591000},"page":"5630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tracking Deforestation, Drought, and Fire Occurrence in Kutai National Park, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Guild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, St. Peters Bay, PE C0A 2A0, Canada"},{"name":"School of Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, St. Peters Bay, PE C0A 2A0, Canada"},{"name":"School of Climate Change and Adaptation, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5801-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne E.","family":"Russon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Glendon College of York University, North York, ON M4N 3M6, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Soehartono, T., and Mardiastuti, A. 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