{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:30:48Z","timestamp":1760232648219,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42075132","41871260","2020CXNL08","2021QN1033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075132","41871260","2020CXNL08","2021QN1033"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["42075132","41871260","2020CXNL08","2021QN1033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42075132","41871260","2020CXNL08","2021QN1033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Absorbing aerosols, consisting of smoke (black carbon (BC) and other organics) and dust (from windblown sources), can have a strong warming effect on the climate and impact atmospheric circulation due to localized heating. To investigate the spatiotemporal and vertical changes of absorbing aerosols across Asia, collocation data from OMI, MODIS, and CALIPSO were used to compare two periods: 2006\u20132013 and 2014\u20132021. This study revealed a significant temporal and spatial contrast of aerosol loading over the study region, with a drop in total aerosol concentration and anthropogenic smoke concentration recorded across the Eastern China region (all seasons) and a concurrent increase in the Indian sub-continent region (especially in autumn). The range of aerosol diffusion is affected by the height of the smoke and aerosol plumes, as well as the wind force, and is dispersed eastwards because of the Hadley circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Smoke from Southeast Asia typically rises to a height of 3 km and affects the largest area in contrast to other popular anthropogenic zones, where it is found to be around 1.5\u20132 km. The dust in Inner Mongolia had the lowest plume height of 2 km (typically in spring) compared to other locations across the study region where it reached 2\u20135 km in the summer. This study showed, by comparison with AERONET measurements, that combining data from MODIS and OMI generates more accuracy in detecting aerosol AOD from smoke than using the instruments singularly. This study has provided a comprehensive assessment of absorbing aerosol in Asia by utilizing multiplatform remote-sensed data and has summarized long-term changes in the spatiotemporal distribution and vertical structure of absorbing aerosols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1668744520000},"page":"5832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the Long-Term Variation Trends of Absorbing Aerosols over Asia by Using Multiple Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0010-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ding","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"Observation and Research Station of Jiangsu Jiawang Resource Exhausted Mining Area Land Restoration and Ecological Succession, China University of Mining and Technology, Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanshu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizhang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s13351-016-6006-1","article-title":"Possible Combined Influences of Absorbing Aerosols and Anomalous Atmospheric Circulation on Summertime Diurnal Temperature Range Variation over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River","volume":"30","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-019-04903-0","article-title":"The Climatology and Trend of Black Carbon in China from 12-Year Ground Observations","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021GL094300","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GL094300","article-title":"Inferring Polluted Asian Absorbing Aerosol Properties Using Decadal Scale AERONET Measurements and a MIE Model","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s13351-017-6142-2","article-title":"An Overview of Mineral Dust Modeling over East Asia","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Meteorol. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117176","article-title":"Temporal Variation of Dust Emissions in Dust Sources over Central Asia in Recent Decades and the Climate Linkages","volume":"222","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.06.019","article-title":"China Collection 2.0: The Aerosol Optical Depth Dataset from the Synergetic Retrieval of Aerosol Properties Algorithm","volume":"95","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00212G","article-title":"A Review of Aerosol Chemistry in Asia: Insights from Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Measurements","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin, Z., and Cotton, W.R. (2009). Aerosol Pollution Impact on Precipitation: A Scientific Review, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8690-8"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903154309","article-title":"Seasonal and Regional Variability of Cloud Liquid Water Path in Northwestern China Derived from MODIS\/CERES Observations","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13026","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JD030758","article-title":"East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols and Their Impact on Regional Clouds, Precipitation, and Climate (EAST-AIRCPC)","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.03.61","article-title":"The Semi-Direct Aerosol Effect: Impact of Absorbing Aerosols on Marine Stratocumulus","volume":"130","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1256-z","article-title":"Assessment of Absorbing Aerosols on Austral Spring Snow Albedo Reduction by Several Basins in the Central Andes of Chile from Daily Satellite Observations (2000\u20132016) and a Case Study with the WRF-Chem Model","volume":"1","author":"Ruggeri","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.05.012","article-title":"Air Quality during and after Festivals: Aerosol Concentrations, Composition and Health Effects","volume":"227","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6339","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-6339-2020","article-title":"Rapid Reduction in Black Carbon Emissions from China: Evidence from 2009\u20132019 Observations on Fukue Island, Japan","volume":"20","author":"Kanaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907956116","article-title":"Drivers of Improved PM2.5 Air Quality in China from 2013 to 2017","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900125116","article-title":"Severe Haze in Northern China: A Synergy of Anthropogenic Emissions and Atmospheric Processes","volume":"116","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"944","article-title":"Retrieval of Aerosol Chemical Composition from Ground-Based Remote Sensing Data of Sun-Sky Radiometers during Haze Days in Beijing Winter","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yaogan Xuebao J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118081","article-title":"Wintertime Aerosol Optical Properties in Lanzhou, Northwest China: Emphasis on the Rapid Increase of Aerosol Absorption under High Particulate Pollution","volume":"246","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141523","article-title":"Size-Resolved Mixing State and Optical Properties of Black Carbon at an Urban Site in Beijing","volume":"749","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-561-2022","article-title":"Measurement Report: Long-Term Changes in Black Carbon and Aerosol Optical Properties from 2012 to 2020 in Beijing, China","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2019.1665944","article-title":"Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosol Optical Depth: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives","volume":"50","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10399","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-10399-2010","article-title":"Global Evaluation of the Collection 5 MODIS Dark-Target Aerosol Products over Land","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-7991-2011","article-title":"A Novel Calibration Approach of MODIS AOD Data to Predict PM2.5 Concentrations","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2303317","article-title":"Improved Aerosol Optical Depth and Angstrom Exponent Retrieval over Land from MODIS Based on the Non-Lambertian Forward Model","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.01.020","article-title":"Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth and Surface Reflectance over Land from NOAA AVHRR Data","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2873944","article-title":"A Long-Term Historical Aerosol Optical Depth Data Record (1982\u20132011) Over China From AVHRR","volume":"57","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"38","article-title":"Study on Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval over Land from Himawari-8 Data Based on Dark Target Method","volume":"22","author":"Ge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Yaogan Xuebao J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, D., Qin, K., Wu, L., Xu, J., Letu, H., Zou, B., He, Q., and Li, Y. (2019). Evaluation of JAXA Himawari-8-AHI Level-3 Aerosol Products over Eastern China. Atmosphere, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10040215"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901623","article-title":"Global Estimates of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations from Satellite-Based Aerosol Optical Depth: Development and Application","volume":"118","author":"Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112410","article-title":"Aerosol Characteristics from Earth Observation Systems: A Comprehensive Investigation over South Asia (2000\u20132019)","volume":"259","author":"Mhawish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Aerosol Optical Depth Products from Multiangular and Polarized Satellite Measurements Over Mountainous Areas","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116893.1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116893","article-title":"Validation of POLDER-3\/GRASP Aerosol Products Using AERONET Measurements over China","volume":"215","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaughan, M.A., Young, S.A., Winker, D.M., Powell, K.A., Omar, A.H., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., and Hostetler, C.A. (2004, January 14\u201316). Fully Automated Analysis of Space-Based Lidar Data: An Overview of the CALIPSO Retrieval Algorithms and Data Products. Proceedings of the Laser Radar Techniques for Atmospheric Sensing, Gran Canaria, Italy.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.572024"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-39-2010","article-title":"Data Assimilation of CALIPSO Aerosol Observations","volume":"10","author":"Sekiyama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7431","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-7431-2012","article-title":"Comparison of CALIPSO Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals to AERONET Measurements, and a Climatology for the Lidar Ratio of Dust","volume":"12","author":"Schuster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD008809","article-title":"Aerosols and Surface UV Products Form Ozone Monitoring Instrument Observations: An Overview","volume":"112","author":"Torres","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"106457","article-title":"Long-Term Variation of Aerosol Optical Properties Associated with Aerosol Types Over East Asia Using Aeronet and Satellite (Viirs, Omi) Data","volume":"280","author":"Eom","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2015.030","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Absorbing Aerosols over Pakistan Retrieved from OMI Onboard Aura Satellite","volume":"6","author":"Tariq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6862","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-11-00672.1","article-title":"CALIPSO-Derived Three-Dimensional Structure of Aerosol over the Atlantic Basin and Adjacent Continents","volume":"25","author":"Adams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.05.010","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Structure of Aerosol in China: A Perspective from Multi-Satellite Observations","volume":"178\u2013179","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.04.013","article-title":"Intercomparison of MODIS, MISR, OMI, and CALIPSO Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals for Four Locations on the Indo-Gangetic Plains and Validation against AERONET Data","volume":"111","author":"Bibi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-1155-2010","article-title":"Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and Related Data as an Indicator of Aerosol Composition","volume":"10","author":"Russell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9020","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD021672","article-title":"Global Assessment of OMI Aerosol Single-Scattering Albedo Using Ground-Based AERONET Inversion","volume":"119","author":"Jethva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1175\/2007JCLI2094.1","article-title":"Absorbing Aerosols and Summer Monsoon Evolution over South Asia: An Observational Portrayal","volume":"21","author":"Bollasina","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2021.09.016","article-title":"Trends in Physical, Optical and Chemical Columnar Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Effects over South and East Asia: Satellite and Ground-Based Observations","volume":"105","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gondwana Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2012.08.011","article-title":"A-Train Satellite Measurements of Dust Aerosol Distributions over Northern China","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, L., Chen, S., Huang, J., Zhao, S., Ma, X., Yuan, T., Zhang, X., and Xie, T. (2017). The Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Absorbing Aerosols over East Asia. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9101050"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"3898","article-title":"Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Absorptive Aerosols in the Yangtze River Delta","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Huanjing Kexue\/Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.117785","article-title":"Classification of Aerosols over Saudi Arabia from 2004\u20132016","volume":"241","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/10\/105003","article-title":"Vegetation Fires, Absorbing Aerosols and Smoke Plume Characteristics in Diverse Biomass Burning Regions of Asia","volume":"10","author":"Vadrevu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.04.007","article-title":"Investigations of Aerosol Black Carbon from a Semi-Urban Site in the Indo-Gangetic Plain Region","volume":"125","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JD011024","article-title":"Improved Assessment of Aerosol Absorption Using OMI-MODIS Joint Retrieval","volume":"114","author":"Satheesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-4079-2017","article-title":"Aerosol-Type Retrieval and Uncertainty Quantification from OMI Data","volume":"10","author":"Kauppi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-3307-2019","article-title":"Multi-Satellite Retrieval of Single Scattering Albedo Using the OMI\u2013MODIS Algorithm","volume":"19","author":"Eswaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"012036","article-title":"Trend Analysis of the Aerosol Optical Depth from Fusion of MISR and MODIS Retrievals over China. IOP Conf. Ser","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14628","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14628","article-title":"An Increase in the Biogenic Aerosol Concentration as a Contributing Factor to the Recent Wetting Trend in Tibetan Plateau","volume":"5","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanllawala, K., Turakhia, T., and Iyer, R. (2020, January 1\u20134). Long Term Trend of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar: A Satellite Approach. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, GARSS 2020 Proceedings, Ahmedabad, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/InGARSS48198.2020.9358958"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Go, S., Kim, J., Park, S.S., Kim, M., Lim, H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, D.W., and Im, J. (2020). Synergistic Use of Hyperspectral Uv-Visible Omi and Broadband Meteorological Imager Modis Data for a Merged Aerosol Product. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233987"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.872333","article-title":"The Ozone Monitoring Instrument","volume":"44","author":"Levelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-3257-2013","article-title":"Improvements to the OMI Near-UV Aerosol Algorithm Using A-Train CALIOP and AIRS Observations","volume":"6","author":"Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3385.1","article-title":"The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation","volume":"62","author":"Remer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-2989-2013","article-title":"The Collection 6 MODIS Aerosol Products over Land and Ocean","volume":"6","author":"Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-1397-2013","article-title":"Aerosol Classification from Airborne HSRL and Comparisons with the CALIPSO Vertical Feature Mask","volume":"6","author":"Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00031-5","article-title":"AERONET\u2014A Federated Instrument Network and Data Archive for Aerosol Characterization","volume":"66","author":"Holben","year":"1998","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00109-7","article-title":"Cloud-Screening and Quality Control Algorithms for the AERONET Database","volume":"73","author":"Smirnov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9928","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70809928","article-title":"Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Properties of Four Typical Sites of SONET in China Based on Remote Sensing Measurements","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D5","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007075","article-title":"Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m Exponent of Aerosols Observed by the Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network from August 2004 to September 2005","volume":"112","author":"Xin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.06.032","article-title":"Prevention and Control Policy Analysis for Energy-Related Regional Pollution Management in China","volume":"166","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J. (2020). Pollution Trends in China from 2000 to 2017: A Multi-Sensor View from Space. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12020208"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2182-8","article-title":"Role of Meteorology in Seasonality of Air Pollution in Megacity Delhi, India","volume":"184","author":"Guttikunda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114018","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/9\/11\/114018","article-title":"Quantifying the Occurrence and Magnitude of the Southeast Asian Fire Climatology","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054020","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abd502","article-title":"Improving the Understanding between Climate Variability and Observed Extremes of Global NO2 over the Past 15 Years","volume":"16","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.04.015","article-title":"Aerosol Black Carbon Characteristics over Central India: Temporal Variation and Its Dependence on Mixed Layer Height","volume":"147\u2013148","author":"Kompalli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-5227-2013","article-title":"Global Impact of Smoke Aerosols from Landscape Fires on Climate and the Hadley Circulation","volume":"13","author":"Tosca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2013.06.024","article-title":"Climatological Aspects of Aerosol Optical Properties in North China Plain Based on Ground and Satellite Remote-Sensing Data","volume":"127","author":"Xia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/22\/5832\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:37Z","timestamp":1760145637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/22\/5832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14225832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14225832","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]}}}