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Revealing the mechanism of vegetation-hydroecological response processes in the lower reaches of the Tarim River before and after EWC work is conducive to water resource planning, utilization and protection. In this paper, the spatiotemporal responses of vegetation and groundwater to EWC were examined at the points, lines, and area (PLA) scale by coupling remote sensing techniques and field station observation data collected between 2000 and 2017. The findings indicated that (1) In general, the regional fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) increased significantly, and the average FVC growth rate was 3.5%\/year from 2000 to 2017 (R2 &gt; 0.84, p &lt; 0.01, 2-tailed). (2) The regional vegetation restoration process showed obvious fluctuations and stage characteristics, but the spatial scope of the significantly increased vegetation area was limited. Plants grew rapidly within 10 km of the river, while 10 km away from the water channel, no obvious change was observed. (3) Strong coupling relationships were identified among the FVC growth, EWC volume and groundwater depth variations (p &lt; 0.05, 2-tailed). The response times of the regional vegetation and groundwater depth to EWC indicated one-year lags. The above results imply that the regional ecological environment was significantly improved over the study period, thus confirming that the EWC project made remarkable accomplishments. However, the effect of ecological restoration is not sufficiently stable at present. Vegetation restoration has mainly been centralized around the river channel and is greatly dependent on the annual EWC volume. In addition, the local conditions begin to degrade soon after an EWC project is terminated, and vice versa; when EWC commences, the FVC immediately begins to improve. Therefore, the current EWC achievements need to be further consolidated and strengthened in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:13:36Z","timestamp":1669004016000},"page":"5855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multiscale Detection and Assessment of Vegetation Eco-Environmental Restoration following Ecological Water Compensation in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4795-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Geomatics, and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2317-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography, Geomatics, and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1054-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Institute of Xinjiang Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urimuq 830011, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6186","DOI":"10.1029\/2007WR006186","article-title":"Ecohydrological responses on water diversion in the lower reaches of the Tarim river, China","volume":"44","author":"Tao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Resour. 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