{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:31:49Z","timestamp":1760232709981,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology on Sonar Laboratory","award":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62071429","62001309","2016YFC1400100","6142109KF212204"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocean mesoscale eddies have an important role in the ocean and affect the underwater sound speed field (SSF). Many physical models have been proposed for mesoscale eddy three-dimensional (3D) structure analysis and construction. Here, we propose a model for the reduced-order representation of 3D SSF with ocean mesoscale eddies. Particularly, the radial basis functions (RBFs), which are guided by the universal physics model of mesoscale eddy in horizontal dimensions, are employed. RBF and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) are used as basis functions for 3D representation. The proposed method is an approximation of the classical Gaussian eddy model in the first-order form. Simulation results confirm the reduced-order representation performance and effectiveness in reconstruction using 136 days of HYCOM data in the northwestward of the South China Sea with a warm eddy and a cold eddy. The proposed RBF + EOF method roughly halves the number of coefficients for mesoscale eddy representation, compared with classical methods. The reduced-order representation method can be utilized in ocean acoustic tomography and acoustic remote sensing in a mesoscale area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:33:32Z","timestamp":1669005212000},"page":"5860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physics-Guided Reduced-Order Representation of Three-Dimensional Sound Speed Fields with Ocean Mesoscale Eddies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0878-5362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingyu","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5840-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangfang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2005.01.004","article-title":"Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges","volume":"3","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2010.2097830","article-title":"Time-reversal detection of multidimensional signals in underwater acoustics","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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