{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T11:23:24Z","timestamp":1767612204251,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"]}]},{"name":"National Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702672","2022JM-157","62071474","61773396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Distance measure plays a critical role in various applications of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image data. In recent decades, plenty of distance measures have been developed for PolSAR image data from different perspectives, which, however, have not been well analyzed and summarized. In order to make better use of these distance measures in algorithm design, this paper provides a systematic survey of them and analyzes their relations in detail. We divide these distance measures into five main categories (i.e., the norm distances, geodesic distances, maximum likelihood (ML) distances, generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) distances, stochastics distances) and two other categories (i.e., the inter-patch distances and those based on metric learning). Furthermore, we analyze the relations between different distance measures and visualize them with graphs to make them clearer. Moreover, some properties of the main distance measures are discussed, and some advice for choosing distances in algorithm design is also provided. This survey can serve as a reference for researchers in PolSAR image processing, analysis, and related fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:33:32Z","timestamp":1669005212000},"page":"5873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Distance Measures of Polarimetric SAR Image Data: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xianxiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech & Image Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech & Image Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech & Image Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]},{"given":"Yinglei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"given":"Wangsheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6182-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huanxin","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Franceschetti, G., and Lanari, R. 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