{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:58:15Z","timestamp":1773280695801,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,20]],"date-time":"2022-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Innovative Development Grand Program","award":["Guike AD19254002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD19254002"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Innovative Development Grand Program","award":["2019GXNSFGA245001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFGA245001"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Innovative Development Grand Program","award":["19-050-11-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-13"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Innovation Research Team","award":["Guike AD19254002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD19254002"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Innovation Research Team","award":["2019GXNSFGA245001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFGA245001"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Innovation Research Team","award":["19-050-11-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-13"]}]},{"name":"BaGuiScholars program of Guangxi","award":["Guike AD19254002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD19254002"]}]},{"name":"BaGuiScholars program of Guangxi","award":["2019GXNSFGA245001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFGA245001"]}]},{"name":"BaGuiScholars program of Guangxi","award":["19-050-11-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-13"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["Guike AD19254002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD19254002"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["2019GXNSFGA245001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GXNSFGA245001"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["19-050-11-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional bathymetry LiDAR (light detection and ranging) onboard manned and\/or unmanned airborne systems cannot operate in the context of narrow rivers in urban areas with high buildings and in mountainous areas with high peaks. Therefore, this study presents a prototype of a lightweight bathymetry LiDAR onboard an unmanned shipborne vehicle (called \u201cGQ-Cor 19\u201d). The GQ-Cor 19 system primarily includes an emitting optical module, a receiving optical module, control module, detection module, high-speed A\/D sampling module, and data processing system. Considering that the \u201cGQ-Cor 19\u201d is extremely close to the water surface, various new technical challenges are encountered, such as significant laser scattering energy from the surface of the water, which saturates signals received by the photomultiplier tube detector. Therefore, this study presents various new technical solutions, including (1) an improved Bresenham algorithm, (2) a small and lightweight receiving optical system with a split-field method, and (3) a data acquisition module with a high-speech A\/D collector. Following a series of different experimental verifications, the results demonstrate that the new generation of single-band LiDAR onboard an unmanned shipborne vehicle can swiftly measure the underwater depth, and the maximum measurement depth is more than 25 m. The measurement accuracy is better than 30 cm and the weight is less than 12 kg.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14225880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T04:33:32Z","timestamp":1669005212000},"page":"5880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Development of a Lightweight Single-Band Bathymetric LiDAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Zhexian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Gangchao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Haocheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Yizhi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Jinchun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Jiazhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 34th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Yiqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aerospace Information Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"}]},{"given":"Lieping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lide Information Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, 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