{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:22:03Z","timestamp":1770747723804,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Zagros Monitoring Project of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR)","award":["01-09-09-047-97012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-09-09-047-97012"]}]},{"name":"the National Zagros Monitoring Project of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR)","award":["013-09-0951-048-97012-970548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["013-09-0951-048-97012-970548"]}]},{"name":"the sub-project \u201cUAV-assisted Forest Structure Monitoring\u201d","award":["01-09-09-047-97012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-09-09-047-97012"]}]},{"name":"the sub-project \u201cUAV-assisted Forest Structure Monitoring\u201d","award":["013-09-0951-048-97012-970548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["013-09-0951-048-97012-970548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring tree decline in arid and semi-arid zones requires methods that can provide up-to-date and accurate information on the health status of the trees at single-tree and sample plot levels. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are considered as cost-effective and efficient tools to study tree structure and health at small scale, on which detecting and delineating tree crowns is the first step to extracting varied subsequent information. However, one of the major challenges in broadleaved tree cover is still detecting and delineating tree crowns in images. The frequent dominance of coppice structure in degraded semi-arid vegetation exacerbates this problem. Here, we present a new method based on edge detection for delineating tree crowns based on the features of oak trees in semi-arid coppice structures. The decline severity in individual stands can be analyzed by extracting relevant information such as texture from the crown area. Although the method presented in this study is not fully automated, it returned high performances including an F-score = 0.91. Associating the texture indices calculated in the canopy area with the phenotypic decline index suggested higher correlations of the GLCM texture indices with tree decline at the tree level and hence a high potential to be used for subsequent remote-sensing-assisted tree decline studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14235910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T08:29:58Z","timestamp":1669105798000},"page":"5910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Novel Method for Detecting and Delineating Coppice Trees in UAV Images to Monitor Tree Decline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-2903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marziye","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15433-19967, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15433-19967, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Oswald K\u00fclpeWeg 86, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8918-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Pourhashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR), Tehran P.O. Box 14968-13111, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fakhri, S.A., and Latifi, H. (2021). A Consumer Grade UAV-Based Framework to Estimate Structural Attributes of Coppice and High Oak Forest Stands in Semi-Arid Regions. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214367"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"A review on ecological causes of oak decline phenomenon in forests of Iran","volume":"8","author":"Pourhashemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Iran. For."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"413","article-title":"Assessment of Crown Measurement Techniques in Coppice Trees of Zagros Forests by UltraCam-D Aerial Imagery","volume":"66","author":"Erfanifard","year":"2014","journal-title":"For. 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