{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:32:27Z","timestamp":1760232747967,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundations of China","award":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marine S&amp;T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)","award":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976167","42030406","2018SDKJ0102-8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Altimetric error has always been the significant performance parameter of the interferometric radar altimeter (IRA), particularly in the observation of sub-mesoscale ocean dynamic processes in which a higher accuracy of sea surface elevation (SSE) measurement is needed. The systematic attitude error of IRA associated with platform altitude, roll, pitch, and yaw errors is a remarkable source of altimetric error. However, the coupling attitude altimetric error is still less discussed up to now. In this paper, we focus on the study of the coupling attitude altimetric error and its related position-shifting, which are all induced by the attitude errors. The theoretical formulas of the coupling attitude altimetric error were derived, and the theoretical analysis demonstrates that the coupling attitude altimetric error is no longer along the range direction of the IRA image rigorously due to the change of the radar beam pointing. Based on theoretical formulas proposed by this study, the coupling attitude altimetric error and its related position-shifting are simulated and verified by using attitude data recorded by an airborne position and orientation system (POS) of three airborne experiments. The experimental results illustrate that the simulated coupling attitude altimetric errors are consistent with the measurements of the airborne experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T08:13:09Z","timestamp":1669623189000},"page":"6028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Systematic Attitude Error on the Measurement of Interferometric Radar Altimeter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4068-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Chaofang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Daozhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Hanwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Radio Measurement, Beijing 100854, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"624","article-title":"Wide-Swath Ocean Altimetry Using Radar Interferometry","volume":"37","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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