{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1774928065107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42205151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42205151"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41941011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41941011"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2008085QD180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QD180"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["S020118002\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S020118002\/008"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2005DP173065-2019-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005DP173065-2019-05"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["42205151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42205151"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["41941011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41941011"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["2008085QD180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QD180"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["S020118002\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S020118002\/008"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["2005DP173065-2019-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005DP173065-2019-05"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University","award":["42205151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42205151"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University","award":["41941011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41941011"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University","award":["2008085QD180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QD180"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University","award":["S020118002\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S020118002\/008"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University","award":["2005DP173065-2019-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005DP173065-2019-05"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42205151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42205151"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41941011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41941011"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2008085QD180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085QD180"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["S020118002\/008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S020118002\/008"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2005DP173065-2019-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2005DP173065-2019-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since its launch on 13 October 2017, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission has been measuring the solar radiation backscattered by Earth\u2019s atmosphere and surface. In this study, we evaluate the TROPOMI operational methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) products\u2019 performance results covering about 3 years using the only two global Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites in China, i.e., the Hefei site and the Xianghe site. These two sites have recently joined the TCCON, and this study uses the both sites simultaneously to validate the TROPOMI products over China for the first time. We found that the systematic bias with rescaling between the TROPOMI CO products and the Hefei site is on average 1.78 \u00b1 6.35 ppb or 1.18 \u00b1 5.35%. The systematic bias with rescaling between the TROPOMI CO products and the Xianghe site is on average 5.33 \u00b1 14.24 ppb or 3.85 \u00b1 10.30%. Both the stations show a correlation above 0.9. The TROPOMI CO data are systematically higher than the two TCCON sites measurements in China. We found that the systematic bias with rescaling between the TROPOMI CH4 products and the Hefei site is on average \u22124.13 \u00b1 11.65 ppb or \u22120.22 \u00b1 0.62%. The systematic bias between the TROPOMI CH4 products and Xianghe site is on average \u22127.25 \u00b1 10.72 ppb or \u22120.39 \u00b1 0.57%. Both the stations show a correlation above 0.9. The TROPOMI CH4 data are systematically lower than the two TCCON sites measurements in China. We found that the bias between the TROPOMI and the two sites\u2019 data as a function of the coincident radius around the two sites is mostly affected by localized emissions for both CO and CH4. We also observe a CO decreasing trend and a CH4 increasing trend in the year-to-year relative changes from 2019 to 2021. Validating against reference from Hefei and Xianghe TCCON site demonstrates the high quality of TROPOMI CO and CH4 data over China.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T05:45:22Z","timestamp":1669787122000},"page":"6045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Investigating the Performance of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Observations from Sentinel-5 Precursor in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changgong","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3427-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minqiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pucai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peize","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.09.027","article-title":"TROPOMI on the ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor: A GMES mission for global observations of the atmospheric composition for climate, air quality and ozone layer applications","volume":"120","author":"Veefkind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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