{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:48:10Z","timestamp":1762508890675,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"NSFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) with the University of Henan, Henan Province","award":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"]}]},{"name":"scientific and technological research projects in Henan Province","award":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071267","21IRTSTHN008","222102320472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Implementation of a measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) framework is essential for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, MRV can be regarded as an important mechanism to mitigate global warming. Upland Myanmar, with an elevation of ~80\u20132600 m, is experiencing tropical deforestation, which is commonly explained by the expansion of shifting cultivation. The vegetation change tracker algorithm, with its high-automation and wild-adaptation features, and the enhanced integrated forest z-score were applied in this elevation-based study of time series deforestation monitoring in upland Myanmar using data from 2003 to 2015. Four spatial patterns of deforestation, namely stripes, adjacent, filled, and staggered, were found in the research area. Moreover, our work showed that the center of elevation of deforestation was ~1000 m. Further analysis revealed that this center tended to shift to a higher elevation over time; a \u201cgolden cross\u201d\/changeover could be deciphered at ~1000 m, indicating that the scale and intensity of shifting cultivation continue to expand vertically. The results suggest the need to track the elevation-based signature of vegetation clearings to help achieve the goals of REDD+ at the regional level in tropical rainforest countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1670218292000},"page":"6117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing Elevation-Based Forest Dynamics over Space and Time toward REDD+ MRV in Upland Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4148, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4148, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5687-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinwei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Sciences Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science\/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education\/National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Science\/Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education\/National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"},{"name":"Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-00920-8","article-title":"Fuel availability not fire weather controls boreal wildfire severity and carbon emissions","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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