{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:26:32Z","timestamp":1764350792344,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Science Program"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, National Programs 211 and 212"},{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study focused on optimizing the placement of shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands for pixel-level estimation of fractional crop residue cover (fR) for the upcoming Landsat Next mission. We applied an iterative wavelength shift approach to a database of crop residue field spectra collected in Beltsville, Maryland, USA (n = 916) and computed generalized two- and three-band spectral indices for all wavelength combinations between 2000 and 2350 nm, then used these indices to model field-measured fR. A subset of the full dataset with a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) &lt; 0.3 threshold (n = 643) was generated to evaluate green vegetation impacts on fR estimation. For the two-band wavelength shift analyses applied to the NDVI &lt; 0.3 dataset, a generalized normalized difference using 2226 nm and 2263 nm bands produced the top fR estimation performance (R2 = 0.8222; RMSE = 0.1296). These findings were similar to the established two-band Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI) (R2 = 0.8145; RMSE = 0.1324). Performance of the two-band generalized normalized difference and SINDRI decreased for the full-NDVI dataset (R2 = 0.5865 and 0.4144, respectively). For the three-band wavelength shift analyses applied to the NDVI &lt; 0.3 dataset, a generalized ratio-based index with a 2031\u20132085\u20132216 nm band combination, closely matching established Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) bands, was top performing (R2 = 0.8397; RMSE = 0.1231). Three-band indices with CAI-type wavelengths maintained top fR estimation performance for the full-NDVI dataset with a 2036\u20132111\u20132217 nm band combination (R2 = 0.7581; RMSE = 0.1548). The 2036\u20132111\u20132217 nm band combination was also top performing in fR estimation (R2 = 0.8690; RMSE = 0.0970) for an additional analysis assessing combined green vegetation cover and surface moisture effects. Our results indicate that a three-band configuration with band centers and wavelength tolerances of 2036 nm (\u00b15 nm), 2097 nm (\u00b114 nm), and 2214 (\u00b111 nm) would optimize Landsat Next SWIR bands for fR estimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1670218292000},"page":"6128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optimizing Landsat Next Shortwave Infrared Bands for Crop Residue Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7957-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, Coram, NY 11727, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0241-1917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip E.","family":"Dennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Dean","family":"Hively","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}]},{"given":"Raymond F.","family":"Kokaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Serbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mallon Technology Ltd., Suite 403, 34 Fitzwilliam Square, D02 X840 Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7393-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Land Remote Sensing, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Dabney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffery G.","family":"Masek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-9275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6036-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig S. T.","family":"Daughtry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111214","article-title":"User needs for future Landsat missions","volume":"231","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center (2020, October 30). 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