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This study develops a methodology that combines nighttime light indices, population distribution data, and statistics in order to examine changes and key drivers of SDG7 in the Aral Sea Basin from 2000\u20132020. In this study, the best-performing combination of four light indices and five simulation methods (two linear regression methods and three machine learning methods) was selected to simulate the spatial distribution of GDP in the Aral Sea Basin. The results showed that: (1) The prediction using the XGBoost model with TNL had better performance than other models. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the GDP of the Aral Sea Basin shows an uneven development pattern while growing rapidly (+101.73 billion, +585.5%), with the GDP of the lower Aral Sea and the Amu Darya River gradually concentrating in the middle Aral Sea and Syr Darya River basins, respectively. At the same time, the GDP of the Aral Sea Basin shows a strong negative correlation with the area of water bodies. (3) Although there is a small increase in the score (+6.57) and ranking (+9) of SDG7 for the Aral Sea Basin from 2000 to 2020, it is difficult to achieve SDG7 in 2030. Deepening inter-basin energy cooperation, enhancing investment in renewable energy, and increasing energy intensity is key to achieving SDG7.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1670218292000},"page":"6131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Indirect Assessment of Watershed SDG7 Development Process Using Nighttime Light Data\u2014An Example of the Aral Sea Watershed"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chaoliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4259-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengyun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Gongxu","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7531-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuwei","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2985","article-title":"National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards","volume":"10","author":"Kroll","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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