{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:14:04Z","timestamp":1767968044745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["033R190B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["033R190B"]}]},{"name":"BrineMine","award":["033R190B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["033R190B"]}]},{"name":"KIT-Publication Fund of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","award":["033R190B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["033R190B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The geoelectric properties of the geothermal system associated with the Tolhuaca volcano were investigated by three-dimensional (3D) inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data. This study presents the first resistivity model of the Tolhuaca volcano derived from 3D MT inversion to have a better understanding of its magmatic and hydrothermal system. We selected data from 54 MT stations for 3D inversion. We performed a series of 3D MT inversion tests by changing the type of data to be inverted, as well as the starting model to obtain a model in agreement with the geology. The final 3D MT model presents a conductive body (&lt;20 \u03a9m) located 2 km below the summit of Tolhuaca volcano, inferred as a shallow magmatic storage compartment. We also distinguish a ~300 m thick layer of high conductivity (&lt;10 \u03a9m) corresponding to argillic hydrothermal alteration. The MT model includes two resistive bodies (~200 \u03a9m) in the upper crust below the laterally displaced argillic alteration layer to the west beneath the extinct Tolhuaca, which would correspond to a shallow reservoir (~1000 m from the surface) and a deep reservoir (&gt;1800 m from the surface) that had so far not been identified by previous resistivity models. The result of this study provides new insights into the complexity of the Tolhuaca geothermal system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T05:31:32Z","timestamp":1670218292000},"page":"6144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Shallow and Deep Electric Structures in the Tolhuaca Geothermal System (S. Chile) Investigated by Magnetotellurics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5744-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximiliano","family":"Pavez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20B, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geof\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas y Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370415, Chile"},{"name":"Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA, ANID-FONDAP), Pl. Ercilla 803, Santiago 8370448, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute on Volcanic Risk Research\u2014Ckelar Volcanoes, Avenida Angamos 0610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Brasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachrichtung Geophysik, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4974-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Kapinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Wilhelmstr. 25-30, 13593 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ingmar","family":"Budach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geothermie Neubrandenburg GmbH, Seestr. 7A, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20B, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"},{"name":"Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA, ANID-FONDAP), Pl. Ercilla 803, Santiago 8370448, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas y Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370415, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-2429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Morata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA, ANID-FONDAP), Pl. Ercilla 803, Santiago 8370448, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsicas y Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago 8370415, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Schill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstra\u00dfe 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Active Andean Volcanism: Its Geologic and Tectonic Setting","volume":"31","author":"Stern","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev. 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