{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:18:43Z","timestamp":1765484323553,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Natural Resources Program on Global Change and Air-Sea interactions","award":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"]}]},{"name":"Asian Cooperation Fund Program","award":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406","2022027","GASI-01-SIND-STwin","GASI-04-WLHY-01","GASI-04-WLHY-03","99950410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The southern Bay of Bengal (BOB) cold pool (SCP) plays an important role in the regional climate fluctuation of the BOB. However, the interannual variability in the SCP is still unknown. Multisource satellite remote sensing data and assimilation have been applied to explore the interannual variability in the SCP and its relationship with El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events for the period 1982\u20132020. The anomalous SST of the SCP in the summer following the peak phase (i.e., winter) of the ENSO was closely related to the ENSO events. El Ni\u00f1o (La Ni\u00f1a)-induced the warm (cold) anomaly of the SCP starting from May and persisted throughout August with a peak value appearing in June during the El Ni\u00f1o (La Ni\u00f1a) decaying years. In the El Ni\u00f1o decaying years, the southwest monsoon current (SMC) was weakened, forced locally by the weakening southwesterly wind and remotely by the easterly wind anomaly at the equator associated with El Ni\u00f1o. The El Ni\u00f1o-related weakening SMC and the associated less cold advection led to the warm anomaly of the SCP. In addition, El Ni\u00f1o-related atmospheric heating also made a comparable contribution to the evolution of the SCP\u2019s SST. In the early stage (15 May to 10 June), its contribution to the warming of the SCP was much larger than that of the SMC, whereas from mid-June to August, it reversed to have a cooling effect and partially offset the advection heating induced by the SMC on the SCP. In the La Ni\u00f1a decaying years, similar oceanic and atmospheric processes operated but in an opposite way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14236169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T01:43:48Z","timestamp":1670291028000},"page":"6169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interannual Variabilities of the Southern Bay of Bengal Cold Pool Associated with the El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jianjie","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Wenshu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Aijun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tomczak, M., and Godfrey, J.S. 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