{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1773038728877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["2022021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022021"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["42130406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42130406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction II Program","award":["2022021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022021"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction II Program","award":["42130406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction II Program","award":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction II Program","award":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"]}]},{"name":"Global Change and Air\u2013Sea Interaction II Program","award":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data and the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5) dataset, positive salinity anomalies exceeding 2 psu in the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB) and negative salinity anomalies with the peak of the freshening anomalies reaching \u22122 psu around Sri Lanka were observed in autumn 2010. Here, an analysis of the anomalous salt budget revealed that anomalous horizontal advection contributed most to the variability in salinity in the BoB. With the development of La Ni\u00f1a and negative Indian Ocean dipole (nIOD) in summer and autumn, the strong summer monsoon current and Wyrtki jet combined with the anomalous basin-scale cyclonic circulation led to more high-salinity water entering the northern BoB. In addition, more freshwater was transported southward along the eastern coast of India by east Indian coastal current (EICC) in autumn, resulting in extremely negative salinity anomalies around Sri Lanka and positive salinity anomalies in the northern BoB. Moreover, the freshwater around Sri Lanka was carried farther into the southeastern Arabian Sea by the west Indian coastal current (WICC) in November, which affected the salinity stratification in winter and then influenced the variation of the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool (ASMWP) in the following spring. The ASMWP could affect the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) through its influence on the monsoon onset vortex (MOV) over the southeast Arabian Sea (SEAS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14246242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T06:14:00Z","timestamp":1670566440000},"page":"6242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sea Surface Salinity Anomaly in the Bay of Bengal during the 2010 Extremely Negative IOD Event"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuwen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China"}]},{"given":"Jindian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical oceanography of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea","volume":"34","author":"Varkey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Oceanogr. 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