{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:38:09Z","timestamp":1760233089482,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precipitation is crucial for the hydrological cycle and is directly related to many ecological processes. Historically, measurements of precipitation totals were made at weather stations, but spatial and temporal coverage suffered due to the lack of a robust network of weather stations and temporal gaps in observations. Several products have been proposed to identify the location of the occurrence of precipitation and measure its intensity from different types of estimates, based on alternative data sources, that have global (or quasi-global) coverage with long historical time series. However, there are concerns about the accuracy of these estimates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the ERA5 product for two ecoregions of the Canadian Prairies through comparison with monthly means measured from 1981\u20132019 at ten weather stations (in-situ), as well as to assess the intraseasonal variability of precipitation and identify dry and wet periods based on the annual Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) derived from ERA5. A significant relationship between in-situ data and ERA5 data (with the R2 varying between 0.42 and 0.76) (p &lt; 0.01)) was observed in nine of the ten weather stations analyzed, with lower RMSE in the Mixed Ecoregion. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) results showed greater agreement between the datasets in May (average R value of 0.84 and an average MAPE value of 32.33%), while greater divergences were observed in February (average R value of 0.57 and an average MAPE value of 50.40%). The analysis of wet and dry periods, based on the SPI derived from ERA5, and the comparison with events associated with the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showed that from the ERA5 data and the derivation of the SPI it is possible to identify anomalies in temporal series with consistent patterns that can be associated with historical events that have been highlighted in the literature. Therefore, our results show that ERA5 data has potential to be an alternative for estimating precipitation in regions with few in-situ stations or with gaps in the time series in the Canadian Prairies, especially at the beginning of the growing season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14246347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T04:25:26Z","timestamp":1671078326000},"page":"6347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is the Gridded Data Accurate? Evaluation of Precipitation and Historical Wet and Dry Periods from ERA5 Data for Canadian Prairies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1318-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Antonio","family":"da Silva Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Sinop 78555-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Krystopher J.","family":"Chutko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Eduardo","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapad\u00e3o do Sul 79560-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"de Oliveira-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Macei\u00f3 57072-970, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Xulin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e518","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variability of daily precipitation concentration in spain based on a high-resolution gridded data set","volume":"38","author":"Saz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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