{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:01:22Z","timestamp":1776096082062,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2014-22262-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-22262-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2014-14965-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-14965-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2015-01587-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-01587-0"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2017-03207-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-03207-6"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","award":["BRA\/10\/G31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRA\/10\/G31"]}]},{"name":"Sugarcane Renewable Electricity project\u2013SUCRE\/PNUD","award":["2014-22262-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-22262-0"]}]},{"name":"Sugarcane Renewable Electricity project\u2013SUCRE\/PNUD","award":["2014-14965-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-14965-0"]}]},{"name":"Sugarcane Renewable Electricity project\u2013SUCRE\/PNUD","award":["2015-01587-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-01587-0"]}]},{"name":"Sugarcane Renewable Electricity project\u2013SUCRE\/PNUD","award":["2017-03207-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-03207-6"]}]},{"name":"Sugarcane Renewable Electricity project\u2013SUCRE\/PNUD","award":["BRA\/10\/G31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRA\/10\/G31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intensive cropland expansion for an increasing population has driven soil degradation worldwide. Modeling how agroecosystems respond to variations in soil attributes, relief and crop management dynamics can guide soil conservation. This research presents a new approach to evaluate soil loss by water erosion in cropland using the RUSLE model and Synthetic Soil Image (spectroscopy technique), which uses time series remotely sensed environmental, agricultural and anthropic variables, in the southeast region of S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil. The availability of the open-access satellite images of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Landsat satellite images provided ten years of rainfall data and 35 years of exposed soil surface. The bare soil surface and agricultural land use were extracted, and the multi-temporal rainfall erosivity was assessed. We predict soil maps\u2019 attributes (texture and organic matter) through innovative soil spectroscopy techniques to assess the soil erodibility and soil loss tolerance. The erosivity, erodibility, and topography obtained by the Earth observations were adopted to estimate soil erosion in four scenarios of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) residue coverage (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in five years of the sugarcane cycle: the first year of sugarcane harvest and four subsequent harvesting years from 2013 to 2017. Soil loss tolerance means 4.3 Mg ha\u22121 exceeds the minimum rate in 40% of the region, resulting in a total soil loss of ~6 million Mg yr\u22121 under total coverage management (7 Mg ha\u22121). Our findings suggest that sugarcane straw production has not been sufficient to protect the soil loss against water erosion. Thus, straw removal is unfeasible unless alternative conservation practices are adopted, such as minimum soil tillage, contour lines, terracing and other techniques that favor increases in organic matter content and soil flocculating cations. This research also identifies a spatiotemporal erosion-prone area that requests an immediately sustainable land development guide to restore and rehabilitate the vulnerable ecosystem service. The high-resolution spatially distribution method provided can identify soil degradation-prone areas and the cropland expansion frequency. This information may guide farms and the policymakers for a better request of conservation practices according to site-specific management variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T05:42:53Z","timestamp":1671601373000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Soil Erosion Satellite-Based Estimation in Cropland for Soil Conservation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2556-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Cristina","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Bioenergy, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center of Energy and Material Research (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5374-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo S\u00e9rgio Graziano","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. M.","family":"Dematt\u00ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Walter Rossi","family":"Cervi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Bioenergy, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Nunes","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center of Energy and Material Research (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Carneiro","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center of Energy and Material Research (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Bellinaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Danilo C\u00e9sar de","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Vieira","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6772-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Rodrigo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Regional Development, University of West S\u00e3o Paulo (UNOESTE), Rod. Raposo Tavares, km 572-Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente 19067-175, SP, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elp\u00eddio In\u00e1cio","family":"Fernandes-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8837-1372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Rocha","family":"Francelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Carlos Ernesto Gon\u00e7alves Reynaud","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570-900, MG, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Olsson, L., Barbosa, H., Bhadwal, S., Cowie, A., Delusca, K., Flores-Renteria, D., Hermans, K., Jobbagy, E., Kurz, W., and Li, D. (2019). Land degradation: IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land 5 degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and 6 greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land 5 Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and 6 Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-019-09892-3","article-title":"FAO calls for actions to reduce global soil erosion","volume":"25","author":"Panagos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montgomery, D.R. (2012). Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations, University of California Press.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520952119"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(02)00192-7","article-title":"Soil erosion and the global carbon budget","volume":"29","author":"Lal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02142-7","article-title":"An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion","volume":"8","author":"Borrelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3270","article-title":"Soil organic carbon stock as an indicator for monitoring land and soil degradation in relation to United Nations\u2019 Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"30","author":"Lorenz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Montanarella, L., Scholes, R., and Brainich, A. (2018). IPBES The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wischmeier, W.H., and Smith, D.D. (1978). Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses: A Guide to Conservation Planning, USDA."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Weesies, G.A., Mccool, D.K., and Yoder, D.C. (1997). Predicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), U.S. Depar."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2017.06.003","article-title":"Soil loss prediction by an integrated system using RUSLE, GIS and remote sensing in semi-arid region","volume":"11","author":"Ostovari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geoderma Reg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.11.024","article-title":"Assimilating satellite imagery and visible-near infrared spectroscopy to model and map soil loss by water erosion in Australia","volume":"77","author":"Teng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walter, A., Galdos, M.V., Scarpare, F.V., Verde Leal, M.R.L., Abel Seabra, J.E., da Cunha, M.P., Araujo Picoli, M.C., and de Oliveira, C.O.F. (2016). Brazilian sugarcane ethanol: Developments so far and challenges for the future. Adv. Bioenergy Sustain. Chall., 373\u2013394.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118957844.ch24"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimates of annual soil loss rates in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"40","author":"Giarolla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eancia Do Solo"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Agronomic and environmental implications of sugarcane straw removal : A major review","volume":"9","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioenergy Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10021-w","article-title":"Sugarcane Straw Removal: Implications to Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Demand in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Cherubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-09996-3","article-title":"Can reduced tillage sustain sugarcane yield and soil carbon if straw is removed?","volume":"12","author":"Tenelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10000-1","article-title":"Straw Removal Affects Soil Physical Quality and Sugarcane Yield in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Castioni","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10053-2","article-title":"Soil Macrofauna Responses to Sugarcane Straw Removal for Bioenergy Production","volume":"12","author":"Menandro","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"8","article-title":"Soil and Nutrients Losses of an Alfisol with Sugarcane Crop Residue","volume":"29","author":"Liccioti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Agric."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-90162013000500004","article-title":"Assessment of sugarcane trash for agronomic and energy purposes in Brazil","volume":"70","author":"Franco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-90162013000500008","article-title":"Input of sugarcane post-harvest residues into the soil","volume":"70","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12473","article-title":"The greenhouse gas intensity and potential biofuel production capacity of maize stover harvest in the US Midwest","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10008-7","article-title":"How Much Sugarcane Straw is Needed for Covering the Soil?","volume":"12","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.05.003","article-title":"Sugarcane yield and soil carbon response to straw removal in south-central Brazil","volume":"328","author":"Menandro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Perrotta, M.M., Salvador, E., Lopes, R., D\u2019Agostinho, L., Peruffo, N., Gomes, S.D., Sachs, L.L.B., Meira, V.T., Garcia, M.G.M., and Lacerda Filho, J.V. (2005). Mapa Geol\u00f3gico do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escala 1:750.000, Programa levantamentos geol\u00f3gicos b\u00e1sicos do Brasil, CPRM."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"EMBRAPA (2017). Manual de Metodos de Analises, Editorial Acad\u00e9mica Espa\u00f1ola."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"IUSS Working Group WRB (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, IUSS Working Group WRB."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-22-6059-2018","article-title":"A review of the (Revised) Universal Soil Loss Equation ((R) USLE): With a view to increasing its global applicability and improving soil loss estimates","volume":"22","author":"Benavidez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.009","article-title":"A step towards a holistic assessment of soil degradation in Europe: Coupling on-site erosion with sediment transfer and carbon fluxes","volume":"161","author":"Borrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and Soil Conservation Service (1956). Joint Conference on Slope-Practice, USDA."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2014.01.009","article-title":"Towards large-scale monitoring of soil erosion in Africa: Accounting for the dynamics of rainfall erosivity","volume":"115","author":"Vrieling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Chang."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.10.035","article-title":"Satellite-based estimation of rainfall erosivity for Africa","volume":"395","author":"Vrieling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1175\/JHM560.1","article-title":"The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear, Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales","volume":"8","author":"Huffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hydrometeorol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2013.03.009","article-title":"Multivariate models for annual rainfall erosivity in Brazil","volume":"202","author":"Mello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2012.08.006","article-title":"Rainfall erosivity in Brazil: A review","volume":"100","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832002000300027","article-title":"Rainfall erosivity: Its distribution and relationship with the nonrecording rain gauge precipitation at Teodoro Sampaio, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"26","author":"Colodro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eanc. Do Solo"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1590\/S0006-87051992000200009","article-title":"Erosividade da chuva: Sua distribuicao e relacao com as perdas de solo em Campinas (SP)","volume":"51","author":"Moldenhauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bragantia"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832001000100016","article-title":"Fator erosividade da chuva de Piraju (SP): Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, probabilidade de ocorr\u00eancia, per\u00edodo de retorno e correla\u00e7\u00e3o com o coeficiente de chuva","volume":"25","author":"Roque","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eanc. Do Solo"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallo, B.C., Dematt\u00ea, J.A.M., Rizzo, R., Safanelli, J.L., Mendes, W.D.S., Lepsch, I.F., Sato, M.V., Romero, D.J., and Lacerda, M.P.C. (2018). Multi-temporal satellite images on topsoil attribute quantification and the relationship with soil classes and geology. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10101571"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61408-1","article-title":"Bare earth\u2019s Surface Spectra as a proxy for Soil Resource Monitoring","volume":"10","author":"Safanelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.04.047","article-title":"Geospatial Soil Sensing System (GEOS3): A powerful data mining procedure to retrieve soil spectral reflectance from satellite images","volume":"212","author":"Fongaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safanelli, J.L., Chabrillat, S., Ben-dor, E., and Dematt\u00ea, J.A.M. (2020). Multispectral Models from Bare Soil Composites for Mapping Topsoil Properties over Europe. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12091369"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences5020117","article-title":"A New European Slope Length and Steepness Factor (LS-Factor) for Modeling Soil Erosion by Water","volume":"5","author":"Panagos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.35628","article-title":"A runoff erosivity factor and variable slope length exponents for soil loss estimates","volume":"20","author":"Foster","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"427","article-title":"A GIS procedure for automatically calculating the USLE LS factor on topographically complex landscape units","volume":"51","author":"Desmet","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.30576","article-title":"Revised Slope Steepness Factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation","volume":"30","author":"Mccool","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.04.009","article-title":"The effects of minimal tillage, contour cultivation and in-field vegetative barriers on soil erosion and phosphorus loss","volume":"106","author":"Stevens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.06.048","article-title":"A new approach to estimate cover-management factor of RUSLE and validation of RUSLE model in the watershed of Kartalkaya Dam","volume":"528","author":"Kolat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Rocha, G.C. (2017). da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Solo e Cana-de-A\u00e7\u00facar: Aspectos Legais e Bibliom\u00e9tricos e Uma Ferramenta de Determina\u00e7\u00e3o do Fator C (RUSLE). [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Sao Paulo]."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.1760","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of sugarcane straw: Implications for biomass and bioenergy production","volume":"11","author":"Menandro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefin."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105956","article-title":"Hillslope erosion improvement targets: Towards sustainable land management across New South Wales, Australia","volume":"211","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2018.12.020","article-title":"Minimising soil organic carbon erosion by wind is critical for land degradation neutrality","volume":"93","author":"Chappell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-196512000-00007","article-title":"Determining the range of tolerable erosion","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1965","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"355","article-title":"Conversion of the universal soil loss equation to SI metric units","volume":"36","author":"Foster","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Bertoni, J., and Lombardi Neto, F. (2017). Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Solo, \u00cdcone editora. [10th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Rossi, M. (2017). Mapa Pedol\u00f3gico do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo: Revisado e Ampliado, Instituto Florestal."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"dos Santos, H.G., Jacomine, P.K.T., Dos Anjos, L.H.C., De Oliveira, V.A., Lumbreras, J.F., Coelho, M.R., de Almeida, J.A., de Araujo Filho, J.C., de Oliveira, J.B., and Cunha, T.J.F. (2018). Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Solos., Embrapa."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"FAO (2014). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, FAO."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Mezzalira, S. (1966). Folha Geol\u00f3gica de Piracicaba, Instituto Geogr\u00e1fico e Geol\u00f3gico do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo. Folha SF-23-M-300."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"IUSS (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 Update 2015. International International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps, Food and Agriculture Organization."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0033-0124.1980.00300.x","article-title":"Monthly precipitation distribution: A comparative index","volume":"32","author":"Oliver","year":"1980","journal-title":"Prof. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"267","article-title":"Timing of erosion and satellite data: A multi-resolution approach to soil erosion risk mapping","volume":"10","author":"Vrieling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701855104","article-title":"The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture","volume":"104","author":"Morton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08298-y","article-title":"Projected climate change impacts in rainfall erosivity over Brazil","volume":"7","author":"Almagro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.02.008","article-title":"Meeting the global demand for biofuels in 2021 through sustainable land use change policy","volume":"69","author":"Goldemberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diek, S., Fornallaz, F., Schaepman, M.E., and de Jong, R. (2017). Barest Pixel Composite for agricultural areas using landsat time series. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9121245"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2013.796097","article-title":"Modelling and mapping some soil surface properties of Central Kelkit Basin in Turkey by using Landsat-7 ETM+ images","volume":"34","author":"Dogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.01.025","article-title":"Is it possible to map subsurface soil attributes by satellite spectral transfer models?","volume":"343","author":"Mendes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70506059","article-title":"Soil clay content mapping using a time series of Landsat TM data in semi-arid lands","volume":"7","author":"Shabou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.4025\/actasciagron.v24i0.2374","article-title":"Fator erodibilidade e toler\u00e2ncia de perda dos solos do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"24","author":"Mannigel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Sci. -Agron."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10007-8","article-title":"Multilocation Straw Removal Effects on Sugarcane Yield in South-Central Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioenergy Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2015.03.012","article-title":"Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale","volume":"51","author":"Panagos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12411","article-title":"Contribution of above- and belowground bioenergy crop residues to soil carbon","volume":"9","author":"Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-09981-w","article-title":"Straw Removal Effects on Soil Water Dynamics, Soil Temperature, and Sugarcane Yield in South-Central Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Barbosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Conab, Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (2020). Follow-up of the Brazilian harvest: Sugarcane. Acomp. safra bras. cana, v. 7\u2014Safra 2019\/20, n. 3\u2014Terceiro levantamento, Bras\u00edlia. Cia. Natl. Abast., 7, 1\u201362."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis of the Accelerated Soil Erosion in S\u00e3o Paulo State (Brazil) by the Soil Lifetime Index Methodology","volume":"40","author":"Medeiros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eanc. Do Solo"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-014-9423-y","article-title":"Modeled Impacts of Cover Crops and Vegetative Barriers on Corn Stover Availability and Soil Quality","volume":"7","author":"Bonner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioenergy Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10705-019-09979-y","article-title":"Legume nitrogen credits for sugarcane production: Implications for soil N availability and ratoon yield","volume":"113","author":"Tenelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-20032005000100008","article-title":"Valora\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica dos impactos ambientais de tecnologias de plantio em regi\u00e3o de Cerrados","volume":"43","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. E Sociol. Rural"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832007000100014","article-title":"Aspectos financeiros relacionados \u00e0s perdas de nutrientes por eros\u00e3o h\u00eddrica em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo","volume":"31","author":"Bertol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eanc. Do Solo"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-90162013000300010","article-title":"Valuation of soil erosion costs Scientia Agricola","volume":"70","author":"Telles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Agric."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-06832011000200001","article-title":"The Costs of soil erosion","volume":"35","author":"Telles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De Ci\u00eanc. Do Solo"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/1\/20\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:45:16Z","timestamp":1760147116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/15\/1\/20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs15010020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs15010020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]}}}