{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:40:14Z","timestamp":1760233214793,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42104020","41674034","41974032","42274019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104020","41674034","41974032","42274019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42104020","41674034","41974032","42274019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42104020","41674034","41974032","42274019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional PPP-RTK algorithm research has focused on users in a reference station network. However, if a proper PPP-RTK user algorithm can be designed for out-of-network users to achieve accurate and rapid positioning, the effective service area of existing reference station networks can be markedly expanded. To address the problem of extrapolating atmospheric corrections for out-of-network users, this study presents a single-reference-station (SRS) PPP-RTK model to address atmospheric delay corrections, by ensuring that only corrections from the closest reference station are used. Several numerical experiments were designed and conducted to compare the performance of the presented model and a widely used interpolation model. The extrapolation error distribution, mean and the maximum of absolute values of errors, and standard deviation of errors were selected as indicators. The results show that the SRS PPP-RTK model is significantly more accurate than the interpolation model. Thus, for out-of-network users, we suggest that the presented SRS PPP-RTK model should be used, and the residual atmospheric delays are needed to be estimated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:26:25Z","timestamp":1671765985000},"page":"70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Atmospheric Delay Correction Utilization Method for Out-of-Network PPP-RTK Users"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Siyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7322-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junqiang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710600, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1029\/GL017i005p00651","article-title":"Geodetic Point Positioning with GPS Carrier Beat Phase Data from the CASA UNO Experiment","volume":"17","author":"Malys","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geophys. 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