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However, it is difficult to assess whether a remotely detected vegetation disturbance is critical or not, since available operational remote sensing methods deliver only maps of the vegetation anomalies but not maps of how \u201cuncommon\u201d or \u201cextreme\u201d the detected anomalies are based on the available records of the reference period. In this technical note, we present a new release of the probabilistic method and its implementation, the npphen R package, designed to detect not only vegetation anomalies from remotely sensed vegetation indices, but also to quantify the position of the anomalous observations within the historical frequency distribution of the phenological annual records. This version of the R package includes two new key functions to detect and map extreme vegetation anomalies: ExtremeAnom and ExtremeAnoMap. The npphen package allows remote sensing users to detect vegetation changes for a wide range of ecosystems, taking advantage of the flexibility of kernel density estimations to account for any shape of annual phenology and its variability through time. It provides a uniform statistical framework to study all types of vegetation dynamics, contributing to global monitoring efforts such as the GEO-BON Essential Biodiversity Variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T04:24:53Z","timestamp":1671769493000},"page":"73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["npphen: An R-Package for Detecting and Mapping Extreme Vegetation Anomalies Based on Remotely Sensed Phenological Variability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto O.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Geo-Informaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n Remota, Instituto de Geograf\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Nucleus in Andean Peatlands (AndesPeat), Avenida 18 de Septiembre 2222, Arica 1000965, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Las Palmeras 3425, \u00d1u\u00f1oa, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio A.","family":"Estay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7510177, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Lastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Geo-Informaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n Remota, Instituto de Geograf\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4861-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 7510177, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0194-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Olea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Geo-Informaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n Remota, Instituto de Geograf\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javiera","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Geo-Informaci\u00f3n y Percepci\u00f3n Remota, Instituto de Geograf\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2362807, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Decuyper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2019). 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