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However, for engineering applications involving edge deployment, it is difficult to find a suitable balance of accuracy and speed for anchor-based SAR image target detection algorithms. Thus, an anchor-free detection algorithm for SAR ship targets with deep saliency representation, called SRDet, is proposed in this paper to improve SAR ship detection performance against complex backgrounds. First, we design a data enhancement method considering semantic relationships. Second, the state-of-the-art anchor-free target detection framework CenterNet2 is used as a benchmark, and a new feature-enhancing lightweight backbone, called LWBackbone, is designed to reduce the number of model parameters while effectively extracting the salient features of SAR targets. Additionally, a new mixed-domain attention mechanism, called CNAM, is proposed to effectively suppress interference from complex land backgrounds and highlight the target area. Finally, we construct a receptive-field-enhanced detection head module, called RFEHead, to improve the multiscale perception performance of the detection head. Experimental results based on three large-scale SAR target detection datasets, SSDD, HRSID and SAR-ship-dataset, show that our algorithm achieves a better balance between ship target detection accuracy and speed and exhibits excellent generalization performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:50:01Z","timestamp":1672109401000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Anchor-Free Detection Algorithm for SAR Ship Targets with Deep Saliency Representation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianming","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Hefei 210039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiyao","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"},{"name":"The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Hefei 210039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230093, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd., Hefei 230061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bocai","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Hefei 210039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 38th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Hefei 210039, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2514494","article-title":"Ground-moving target imaging and velocity estimation based on mismatched compression for bistatic forward-looking SAR","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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