{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:20:40Z","timestamp":1766067640594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PON03PE_00159_6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON03PE_00159_6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mapping urban areas from space is a complex task involving the definition of what should be considered as part of an urban agglomerate beyond the built-up features, thus modelling the transition of a city into the surrounding landscape. In this paper, a new technique to map urban areas using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar data is presented. The proposed methodology exploits innovative RGB composites in combination with self-organizing map (SOM) clustering and object-based image analysis. In particular, the clustered product is used to extract a coarse urban area map, which is then refined using object-based processing. In this phase, Delaunay triangulation and the spatial relationship between the identified urban regions are used to model the urban\u2013rural gradient between a city and the surrounding landscape. The technique has been tested in different scenarios representative of structurally different cities in Italy and Germany. The quality of the obtained products is assessed by comparison with the Urban Atlas of the European Environmental Agency, showing good agreement with the adopted reference data despite their different taxonomies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T02:53:11Z","timestamp":1672109591000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urban Area Mapping Using Multitemporal SAR Images in Combination with Self-Organizing Map Clustering and Object-Based Image Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Donato","family":"Amitrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Aerospace Research Centre, Via Maiorise snc, 81043 Capua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6173-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Riccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ruello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng, Q., and Quattrochi, D.A. 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