{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T21:38:58Z","timestamp":1768685938832,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Disaster-Safety Platform Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calculating rainfall erosivity, which is the capacity of rainfall to dislodge soil particles and cause erosion, requires the measurement of the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). Direct measurement of KE has its own challenges, owing to the high cost and complexity of the measuring instruments involved. Consequently, the KE is often approximated using empirical equations derived from rainfall intensity (Ir) inputs in the absence of such instruments. However, the KE\u2013Ir equations strongly depend on local climate patterns and measurement methods. Therefore, this study aims to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 27 KE\u2013Ir equations with observed data. Based on a re-analysis, we also propose an exponential KE\u2013Ir equation for the entire Korean site, and the spatial distribution of its parameter in the equation is also discussed. In this investigation, we used an optical disdrometer (OTT Parsivel2) to gather data in Sangju City (Korea) between June 2020 and December 2021. The outputs of this study are shown as follows: (1) The statistically most accurate estimates of KE expenditure and KE content in Sangju City are obtained using power-law equations given by Sanchez-Moreno et al. and exponential equations published by Lee and Won, respectively. (2) The suggested KE\u2013Ir equation applied to the entire Korean site exhibits a comparable general correlation with the observed data. The parameter maps indicate a high variance in geography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:30:27Z","timestamp":1672205427000},"page":"156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Numerous Kinetic Energy-Rainfall Intensity Equations Using Disdrometer Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7481-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linh Nguyen","family":"Van","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan-Hien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disaster Prevention Emergency Management Institute, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Faculty of Water Resources Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giang V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7925-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minho","family":"Yeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May-Thi Tuyet","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.08.211","article-title":"Relationship between Soil Water Content and Soil Particle Size on Typical Slopes of the Loess Plateau during a Drought Year","volume":"648","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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