{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:56:42Z","timestamp":1762005402229,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victorian State Government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The damage to pipeline infrastructures caused by reactive soils has been a critical challenge for asset owners. Sustainable backfilling materials have recently gained interest to stabilize highly reactive zones as a pre-emptive approach towards sustainability. In this study, two adjacent sections of a sewer pipeline trench in Melbourne, Australia were backfilled with two blends of 100% recycled aggregates. The sites were monitored for ground deformations during October 2020\u2013February 2022 (17 months) using surveying techniques. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) techniques and algorithms were also employed to estimate the ground movements of the sites and surrounding regions. The cross-validation of deformation results achieved from both techniques enabled an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of the recycled aggregates to address reactive soil issues in urban developments. Observational deformation data and their spatiotemporal variation in the field were satisfactorily captured by the InSAR techniques: differential InSAR (DInSAR), persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI), and small baseline subset (SBAS). The SBAS estimations were found to be the closest to field measurements, primarily due to the analysis of zones without well-defined geometries. This study\u2019s contribution to existing knowledge defines the spatiotemporal influence of sustainable backfill in areas with reactive soil through field data and satellite imaging. The relationship between InSAR techniques and actual field behavior of sustainable backfill can be a baseline for the growing construction that may be challenging to perform field monitoring due to resource constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1672627443000},"page":"204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Satellite Imaging Techniques for Ground Movement Monitoring of a Deep Pipeline Trench Backfilled with Recycled Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Teodosio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"},{"name":"Energy Networks Australia, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2734-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Al-Taie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"},{"name":"College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"}]},{"given":"P. L. P.","family":"Wasantha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"},{"name":"College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:7(686)","article-title":"Expansive Soil Test Site near Newcastle","volume":"130","author":"Fityus","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2013.11.005","article-title":"Case Study and Back Analysis of a Residential Building Damaged by Expansive Soils","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. 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