{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T06:52:04Z","timestamp":1771051924382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19070204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070204"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41901023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901023"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["92047202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92047202"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2020YFC1808300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1808300"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XDA19070204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070204"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41901023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901023"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["92047202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92047202"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020YFC1808300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1808300"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["XDA19070204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070204"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["41901023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41901023"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["92047202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92047202"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2020YFC1808300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1808300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Permafrost impacts the subsurface hydrology and determines the transport of buried biochemical substances. Current evaluations of permafrost mostly focus on the overlying active layer. However, the basic but missing information of permafrost thickness constrains the quantification of trends and effects of permafrost degradation on subsurface hydrological processes. Our study quantified the long-term variations in permafrost thickness on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) between 1851 and 2100 based on layered soil temperatures calculated from eight earth system models (ESMs) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (the sixth phase) and validated by field observations and previous permafrost pattern from remote sensing. The calculated permafrost distribution based on ESMs was validated by the pattern derived from the MODIS datasets and field survey. Our results show that permafrost thicker than 10 m covers approximately 0.97 million km2 of the total area of the TP, which represents an areal extent of over 36.49% of the whole TP. The mean permafrost thickness of the TP was 43.20 m between 1851 and 2014, and it would decrease at an average rate of 9.42, 14.99, 18.78, and 20.75 cm per year under scenarios SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 from 2015 to 2100, respectively. The permafrost thickness will decrease by over 50 cm per year in Qiangtang Basin under SSP585. Our study provides new insights for spatiotemporal changes in permafrost thickness and a basic dataset combined results of remote sensing, field measurements for further exploring relevant hydrological, geomorphic processes and biogeochemical cycles in the plateau cryospheric environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1672627443000},"page":"206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterizing the Changes in Permafrost Thickness across Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8402-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeast-China Observatory and Research Station of Permafrost Geological Environment (Ministry of Education), School of Civil Engineering, and Permafrost Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC), State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100045, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youhua","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Humanities and Social Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-6-221-2012","article-title":"Derivation and analysis of a high-resolution estimate of global permafrost zonation","volume":"6","author":"Gruber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obu, J. 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