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Gansu","award":["20JR10RA180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JR10RA180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the main glacier-related natural hazards that are common to alpine locations is the occurrence of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which can seriously harm downstream towns and infrastructure. GLOFs have increased in frequency in the central Himalayas in recent years as a result of global warming, and careful management of glacial lakes is a crucial step in catastrophe prevention. In this study, field surveys were conducted on 28 August 2020 and 1 August 2021 with the help of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a boat bathymetric system on an unmanned surface vessel (USV), combined with 22 years of Landsat series imagery and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery data. Spatial analysis was then used to investigate changes in lake surface conditions, dam stability, and surrounding topography before and after an integrated project of the Jialong Co lake. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2020 (before engineering management), the area of the Jialong Co glacial lake increased from 0.2148 \u00b1 0.0176 km2 to 0.5921 \u00b1 0.0003 km2. The glacial lake expansion rate from 2000 to 2010 (0.0145 km2\/a) was greater than the rate from 2011 to 2020 (6.92 \u00d7 10\u22126 km2\/a). In 2021 (after engineering treatment), the glacial lake perimeter, area, and volume decreased by 0.6014 km, 0.1136 km2, and 1.90 \u00d7 107 m3, respectively. The amount of excavation during the project treatment was 8.13 million square meters, and the amount of filling was 1.24 million square meters. According to the results of the unmanned surface vessel (USV), the elevation of the lake surface dropped from 4331 m to 4281 m, and the water level dropped by 50 m (the designed safe water level line dropped by 30 m). (2) The results of the UAV topographic survey and geomorphological analysis showed that the engineered reinforcement of the outlet channel and surrounding dam effectively mitigated severe scouring of the foot of the final moraine at the outlet of the spillway, as well as the likelihood of glacial lake outbursts caused by ice avalanches and landslides. (3) The comprehensive engineering treatment of this typical glacial lake effectively lowered the water level and improved the stability of the moraine ridge and lake dam, providing a scientific foundation for other glacial lake outburst risk assessments and disaster mitigation and management measures. Thus, it is critical to evaluate the impact of comprehensive engineering management of key glacial lakes to support glacial lake management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15010214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1672627443000},"page":"214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Comparative Study of a Typical Glacial Lake in the Himalayas before and after Engineering Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhaoye","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghui","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1870-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Qin, D., Yao, T., Ding, Y., and Ren, J. 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