{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:46:00Z","timestamp":1761677160567,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Georisk","award":["PID2019-103974RB-I00","MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-103974RB-I00","MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n and Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n of Spain","award":["PID2019-103974RB-I00","MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-103974RB-I00","MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An automated, fixed-location, continuous time-lapse camera system was developed to analyze the existence of rockfall precursory movements and quantify volume changes after detachments. It was implemented to monitor the basaltic formation on which Castellfollit de la Roca village is built. Due to the geometrical conditions of the area, the camera system consists of three digital cameras managed by a control unit that contains a Raspberry Pi 4 microprocessor. Images taken every day are sent to a server for processing. A workflow has been developed to work with a set of images with an irregular time interval to detect precursor movement. The first step consists of matching the images with a reference master image and filtering the vegetation to improve the process using a mask obtained by a green leaf index (GLI) index. Then, the adjusted images are used for a forward-backward correlation process carried out to detect movements. If movement is detected, a 3D model is built using structure from motion (SfM) to quantify the movements. The system has been working since September 2021. During this period, movements from 0.01 to 0.5 m and several rockfalls of a small volume have been detected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T04:08:07Z","timestamp":1672805287000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["New Approach for Photogrammetric Rock Slope Premonitory Movements Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-7759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00aa Amparo","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014UPC.BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Prades-Valls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014UPC.BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"Matas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014UPC.BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Buill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014UPC.BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9974-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nieves","family":"Lantada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya\u2014UPC.BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Turner, A.T., and Schuster, R.L. 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