{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:22:42Z","timestamp":1775092962572,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["41876011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876011"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["41506023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41506023"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC3104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104304"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation of China","award":["202001013129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001013129"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["41876011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876011"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["41506023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41506023"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["2022YFC3104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104304"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["202001013129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001013129"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["41876011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876011"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["41506023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41506023"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFC3104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104304"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["202001013129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001013129"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["41876011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876011"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["41506023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41506023"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["2022YFC3104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104304"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"]}]},{"name":"2019 Research Program of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","award":["202001013129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001013129"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["41876011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876011"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["41506023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41506023"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021SHFZ265"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022YFC3104304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104304"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-KJ-2019KY04"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["202001013129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001013129"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the change in environmental steering flow influenced by the surrounding synoptic systems, typhoon tracks often manifest sudden turnings, potentially prolonging the residence time of typhoon wind forcing and, thus, exerting a remarkable upper ocean response. Typhoon Prapiroon (2012) in the western North Pacific, had a very complex track and underwent two sudden-turning stages over its lifespan. On the basis of satellite and Argo float observations, this paper studies the surface and subsurface ocean environmental responses to Prapiroon. The observations show that the oceanic responses during the two sudden-turning stages of Prapiroon were much more remarkable than those in the straight-moving stage, including significant sea surface temperature (SST) cooling (~7 \u00b0C), sea surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration increase (&gt;0.30 mg m\u22123), and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) reduction (&lt;\u221250 cm), compared with those in the straight-moving stage, with SST cooling weaker than 3 \u00b0C, Chl-a concentration increase less than 0.05 mg m\u22123, and SSHA reduction less than \u221210 cm. By employing the three-dimensional Price\u2013Weller\u2013Pinkel (3DPWP) model to conduct a series of sensitivity experiments, we separate the contribution of the typhoon track\u2019s sudden turnings to the upper ocean response and find that the relative contributions of the two sudden turnings to SST cooling (sea surface salinity salinification) reached 38.4% (23.5%) and 46.8% (28.0%), respectively. In addition, the model experiments further show that the sudden turning could also induce stronger upwelling in the subsurface ocean. Our results demonstrate that typhoon track sudden turning could result in more kinetic energy input into the upper ocean, enhancing the physical and biological responses in the upper ocean.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1672884057000},"page":"302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sudden Track Turning of Typhoon Prapiroon (2012) Enhanced the Upper Ocean Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China"}]},{"given":"Shoude","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Jiwei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Information of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China"},{"name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.31.100901.141259","article-title":"Tropical cyclones","volume":"31","author":"Emanuel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. 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