{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T20:45:54Z","timestamp":1777063554276,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2021GXNSFBA220001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFBA220001"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022GXNSFBA035563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035563"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["19-050-11-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-25"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["2021GXNSFBA220001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GXNSFBA220001"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["2022GXNSFBA035563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFBA035563"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics","award":["19-050-11-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-050-11-25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the fa\u00e7ade visibility, intuitive expression, and multi-view redundancy, oblique photogrammetry can provide optional data for large-scale urban LoD-2 reconstruction. However, the inherent noise in oblique photogrammetric point cloud resulting from the image-dense matching limits further model reconstruction applications. Thus, this paper proposes a novel method for the efficient reconstruction of LoD-2 building models guided by fa\u00e7ade structures from an oblique photogrammetric point cloud. First, a building planar layout is constructed combined with footprint data and the vertical planes of the building based on spatial consistency constraints. The cells in the planar layout represent roof structures with a distinct altitude difference. Then, we introduce regularity constraints and a binary integer programming model to abstract the fa\u00e7ade with the best-fitting monotonic regularized profiles. Combined with the planar layout and regularized profiles, a 2D building topology is constructed. Finally, the vertices of building roof facets can be derived from the 2D building topology, thus generating a LoD-2 building model. Experimental results using real datasets indicate that the proposed method can generate reliable reconstruction results compared with two state-of-the-art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T04:47:08Z","timestamp":1673239628000},"page":"400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Reconstruction of LoD-2 Building Models Guided by Fa\u00e7ade Structures from Oblique Photogrammetric Point Cloud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1137-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3469-1861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9406-0535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.04.004","article-title":"CityGML\u2014Interoperable semantic 3D city models","volume":"71","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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