{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:22:02Z","timestamp":1773667322741,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42125702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42125702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC1083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLGP2019Z002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGP2019Z002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["42125702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42125702"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0003"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC1083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1083"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["SKLGP2019Z002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGP2019Z002"]}]},{"name":"Fund of SKLGP","award":["42125702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42125702"]}]},{"name":"Fund of SKLGP","award":["2022NSFSC0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC0003"]}]},{"name":"Fund of SKLGP","award":["2022NSFSC1083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1083"]}]},{"name":"Fund of SKLGP","award":["SKLGP2019Z002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLGP2019Z002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As the Third Pole of the Earth and the Water Tower of Asia, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) nurtures large numbers of glacial lakes, which are sensitive to global climate change. These lakes modulate the freshwater ecosystem in the region but concurrently pose severe threats to the valley population by means of sudden glacial lake outbursts and consequent floods (GLOFs). The lack of high-resolution multi-temporal inventory of glacial lakes in TP hampers a better understanding and prediction of the future trend and risk of glacial lakes. Here, we created a multi-temporal inventory of glacial lakes in TP using a 30-year record of 42,833 satellite images (1990\u20132019), and we discussed their characteristics and spatio-temporal evolution over the years. Results showed that their number and area had increased by 3285 and 258.82 km2 in the last 3 decades, respectively. We noticed that different regions of the TP exhibited varying change rates in glacial lake size; most regions show a trend of expansion and increase in glacial lakes, while some regions show a trend of decreasing such as the western Pamir and the eastern Hindu Kush. The mapping uncertainty is about 17.5%, which is lower than other available datasets, thus making our inventory reliable for the spatio-temporal evolution analysis of glacial lakes in the TP. Our lake inventory data are publicly published, it can help to study climate change\u2013glacier\u2013glacial lake\u2013GLOF interactions in the Third Pole and serve as input to various hydro-climatic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T03:40:35Z","timestamp":1673408435000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Glacial Lakes in the Tibetan Plateau over the Past 30 Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Xuanmei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6653-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Ali P.","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 310106, China"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cees","family":"van Westen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1304-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/454393a","article-title":"China: The third pole","volume":"454","author":"Qiu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1580","article-title":"Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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