{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:30:15Z","timestamp":1774571415230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cyprus University of Technology internal funding"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to investigate potential archaeological proxies at a large Bronze Age fortification in Hungary, namely the Csan\u00e1dpalota\u2013Juh\u00e1sz T. tanya site, using open-access satellite data. Available Sentinel-2 images acquired between April 2017 and September 2022 were used. More than 700 images (727) were initially processed and filtered, accounting at the end of more than 400 (412) available calibrated Level 2A Sentinel images over the case study area. Sentinel-2 images were processed through image analysis. Based on pan-sharpened data, the visibility of crop marks was improved and enhanced by implementing orthogonal equations. Several crop marks, some still unknown, were revealed in this study. In addition, multi-temporal phenological observations were recorded on three archaeological proxies (crop marks) within the case study area, while an additional area was selected for calibration purposes (agricultural field). Phenological observations were performed for at least four complete phenological cycles throughout the study period. Statistical comparisons between the selected archaeological proxies were applied using a range of vegetation indices. The overall results indicated that phenological observations could be used as archaeological proxies for detecting the formation of crop marks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T02:29:57Z","timestamp":1673576997000},"page":"464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Observations of Archaeological Proxies through Phenological Analysis over the Megafort of Csan\u00e1dpalota-Juh\u00e1sz T. tanya in Hungary Using Sentinel-2 Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athos","family":"Agapiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Cultural Heritage Research Lab, Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimo-Adachi, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Applied Geomorphology and Interdisciplinary Research Centre (CGACI), Department of Geography, West University of Timi\u0219oara, 300223 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Stavil\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Letters, History and Theology, West University of Timi\u015foara, Vasile P\u00e2rvan Blvd. No.4, 300223 Timi\u015foara, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parcak, S.H. 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