{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:06:06Z","timestamp":1774397166238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42006036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006036"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42130409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130409"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["522020512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522020512"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009012","name":"Hohai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42006036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009012","name":"Hohai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42130409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009012","name":"Hohai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["522020512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522020512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Singapore Green Finance Centre","award":["42006036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006036"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Green Finance Centre","award":["42130409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130409"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Green Finance Centre","award":["522020512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522020512"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of rapid growth (RG) of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the north Atlantic basin was recently proposed. RG can represent a dangerous change in TC structure because it can rapidly ramp up the TC destructive potential. However, the nature of RG behaviour remains obscure over the western north Pacific (WNP), where nearly one third of global TCs occur. In this study, TC RG in the WNP is investigated using TC best-tracks and reanalysis of data. We first define TC RG in the WNP as an increase of at least 84 km in the radius of a gale-force wind within 24 h, corresponding to the 90th percentile of all over-water changes. Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate the robustness of the threshold. Similar to that occurring in the north Atlantic, RG in the WNP is associated with the highest level of destructive potential. In addition, RG over the WNP occurs closer to the coast than for TCs in the Atlantic and more RG events in the WNP are accompanied by rapid intensification, which may significantly increase their destructive potential in a worst case scenario. Composite analysis shows that certain dynamic processes, such as radial inflow, may play an important role in the occurrence of RG. This study suggests that, apart from rapid intensification, TC RG is another important factor to consider for TC-related risk assessment in the WNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:06:47Z","timestamp":1673842007000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rapid Growth of Tropical Cyclone Outer Size over the Western North Pacific"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youmin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"},{"name":"Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-018-0165-2","article-title":"Normalized hurricane damage in the continental United States 1900\u20132017","volume":"1","author":"Weinkle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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