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However, the ENSO-related dynamical processes that influence the ozone valley during summer are still not well understood and are under-investigated. In this study, we used the ERA5 and MERRA-2 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021 combined with numerical simulations to analyze the mechanisms through which ENSO affects the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (UTLS) in summer. The results showed that the two cores of the ozone valley in UTLS were more evident in the summer following La Ni\u00f1a than in the summer following El Ni\u00f1o. At low latitudes, negative O3 anomalies in UTLS were observed in the summer following El Ni\u00f1o and positive O3 anomalies were observed in the summer following La Ni\u00f1a. At middle latitudes, negative O3 anomalies in UTLS were found near 60\u00b0E in the summer following El Ni\u00f1o, while negative anomalies were found at 40\u00b0E and 120\u00b0E in the summer following La Ni\u00f1a. The analysis of the flow and vorticity fields suggested that the field anomalies can cause vertical motion, which in turn leads to the mixing of different ozone concentrations and affects the ozone valley in UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau. In particular, the warming of the Indian Ocean sea-surface temperature (SST) in the summer following El Ni\u00f1o enhances the South Asian High (SAH) through two-stage thermal adaptation, leading to ozone anomalies at low latitudes in the ozone-valley region. These conclusions were verified by a simulation using the WACCM4 model, the results of which were consistent with the original observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1673843492000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of ENSO on the Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau Based on the WACCM4 Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yongchi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Meteorology, South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Meteorology, South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}]},{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (DOMES), Physical Oceanography Laboratory (POL), Institute for Advanced Ocean Study (IAOS), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Meteorology, South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1004-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Ocean and Meteorology, South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology, Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME), Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03510","article-title":"Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes","volume":"102","author":"Shine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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