{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:38:18Z","timestamp":1774539498647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ricerca di Base 2020","award":["VINRICBASE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINRICBASE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge of tree size is of great importance for the precision management of a hazelnut orchard. In fact, it has been shown that site-specific crop management allows for the best possible management and efficiency of the use of inputs. Generally, measurements of tree parameters are carried out using manual techniques that are time-consuming, labor-intensive and not very precise. The aim of this study was to propose, evaluate and validate a simple and innovative procedure using images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for canopy characterization in an intensive hazelnut orchard. The parameters considered were the radius (Rc), the height of the canopy (hc), the height of the tree (htree) and of the trunk (htrunk). Two different methods were used for the assessment of the canopy volume using the UAV images. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing manual and UAV data using the Pearson correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE). High correlation values were obtained for Rc, hc and htree while a very low correlation was obtained for htrunk. The method proposed for the volume calculation was promising.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15020541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T02:58:16Z","timestamp":1673924296000},"page":"541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Geometrical Characterization of Hazelnut Trees in an Intensive Orchard by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Precision Agriculture Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vinci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Brigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 06100 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Traini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7791-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Farinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpab164","article-title":"Carbon allocation strategies and water uptake in young grafted and own-rooted hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars","volume":"42","author":"Portarena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"107955","article-title":"Carbon Sequestration of Hazelnut Orchards in Central Italy","volume":"333","author":"Pacchiarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2007.02.007","article-title":"An investigation of the relationship between reproductive growth and yield loss in hazelnut","volume":"113","author":"Beyhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. 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