{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:47:19Z","timestamp":1760147239133,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Foundation of Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province","award":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"]}]},{"name":"the HFIPS Director\u2019s Fund","award":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41875041","2008085J19","AHL2021QN01","YZJJ2023QN07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The refractive index structure constant Cn2 near the ocean surface is an important parameter for studying atmospheric optical turbulence over the ocean. The measured refractive index structure constant and meteorological parameters, such as temperature and three-dimensional wind speed, near the sea surface on the South China Sea during the period from January to November 2020 were analyzed. On the basis of Monin\u2013Obukhov similarity theory, the dimensionless temperature structure parameter function fT near the sea surface was established, and a new parameterized model of the near-sea surface was proposed. The new model improved the error of the widely used model proposed by Wyngaard in 1973 (W73) and better reproduced the daily variation in the measured Cn2. Further analysis of the seasonal applicability of the new model indicated that the correlation coefficients between the estimated and measured Cn2 in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 0.94, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.89, respectively, and the root mean square errors were 0.32, 0.41, 0.46, and 0.40 m\u22122\/3, respectively. Compared with the Cn2 estimated by the W73 model, the correlation coefficient of Cn2 estimated by the new model and measured by the micro-thermometer increased by 0.05\u20130.27 and the root mean square error decreased by 0.04\u20130.56. The improved fT demonstrated higher accuracy than the existing models, which can lay a foundation for estimating turbulence parameters in different sea areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study of the Cn2 Model through the New Dimensionless Temperature Structure Function near the Sea Surface in the South China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Feifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-0478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuebin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9959-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China"},{"name":"Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sheng, P., and Mao, J. 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