{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:07:24Z","timestamp":1779901644713,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42271078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JC-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JC-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["42271078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271078"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2021JC-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JC-40"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan for Distinguished Young Scholars in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2019QZKK0902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0902"]}]},{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["42271078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271078"]}]},{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2021JC-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JC-40"]}]},{"name":"The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0902"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The deformation characteristics and instability patterns of rotational landslides are complicated. Such landslides are large and occur continuously, seriously threatening people\u2019s lives. We used interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), digital elevation models of difference (DODs), numerical simulations, and other techniques for analyzing the topographic changes, surface deformation and movement process before, during and after a landslide. Based on the high-resolution terrain data before and after the landslide, the topographic changes were analyzed, and the active zone of the landslide was identified. The areas of the topographic changes were mainly located on the main scarp, toe and secondary landslides. The topographic changes were influenced by rainfall and rill erosion. The geomorphologically-guided InSAR interpretation method was applied to explore the displacement pattern. The deformation area in the middle of the landslide coincided with the secondary landslides. A time-series InSAR analysis revealed the dynamic evolution of the deformation before and after the landslide. Based on its evolution, the simulated landslide process included the main landslide and three secondary landslides. Based on the displacement of the longitudinal ground surface profiles, the displacement characteristics and kinematic behavior were summarized and compared with those of a single rotational landslide and multiple rotational landslides. The single rotational landslide had obvious secondary and progressive characteristics, developing into multiple rotational landslides triggered by conditions such as rainfall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Topographic Changes, Surface Deformation and Movement Process before, during and after a Rotational Landslide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shuyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haijun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"},{"name":"Insitute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingzhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daozheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an 710127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.1991.tb01257.x","article-title":"Sheet slides and rotational failures on a convergent margin: The Kidnappers Slide, New Zealand","volume":"38","author":"Barnes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(02)00211-8","article-title":"Anatomy of a \u201cfossil\u201d landslide from the Pleistocene of SE Spain","volume":"50","author":"Mather","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2004.12.007","article-title":"Late Quaternary large-scale rotational slides induced by river incision: The Arroyo de Gor area (Guadix basin, SE Spain)","volume":"69","author":"Azanon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Li, B. 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