{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:02:26Z","timestamp":1761562946295,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies the problem surrounding distributed passive arrays (sensors) locating multiple emitters while performing self-calibration to correct possible errors in the assumed array directions. In our setting, only the angle-of-arrival (AoA) information is available for localization. However, such information may contain bias due to array directional errors. Hence, localization requires self-calibration. To achieve both, the key element behind our approach is that the received signals from the same emitter should be geometrically consistent if sensor arrays are successfully calibrated. This leads to our signal model, which is built on a mapping directly from emitter locations and array directional errors to received signals. Then we formulate an atomic norm minimization and use group sparsity to promote geometric consistency and align \u2018ghost\u2019 emitter locations from calibration errors. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. We derive the Cram\u00e9r Rao lower bound and numerically compare it to the simulations. Furthermore, we derive a necessary condition as a rule of thumb to decide the feasibility of joint localization and calibration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Passive Joint Emitter Localization with Sensor Self-Calibration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Guangbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-rsn:20045082","article-title":"Passive coherent location radar systems","volume":"152","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEE Proc.-Radar Sonar Navig."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Borriello, G., Liu, A., Offer, T., Palistrant, C., and Sharp, R. 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