{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1760147292809,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC-FWO","award":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014219","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"111 Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32111530083","42025101","31770516","B18006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The response of vegetation spring phenology to climate warming has received extensive attention. However, there are few studies on the response of vegetation spring phenology to extreme climate events. In this study, we determined the start of the growing season (SOS) for three vegetation types in temperate China from 1982 to 2015 using the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Study\u2019s third-generation normalized difference vegetation index and estimated 25 extreme climate events. We analyzed the temporal trends of the SOS and extreme climate events and quantified the relationships between the SOS and extreme climate events using all-subsets regression methods. We found that the SOS was significantly advanced, with an average rate of 0.97 days per decade in China over the study period. Interestingly, we found that the SOS was mainly associated with temperature extremes rather than extreme precipitation events. The SOS was mainly influenced by the frost days (FD, r = 0.83) and mean daily minimum temperature (TMINMEAN, r = 0.34) for all three vegetation types. However, the dominant influencing factors were vegetation-type-specific. For mixed forests, the SOS was most influenced by TMINMEAN (r = 0.32), while for grasslands and barren or sparsely vegetated land, the SOS was most influenced by FD (r &gt; 0.8). Our results show that spring phenology was substantially affected by extreme climate events but mainly by extreme temperature events rather than precipitation events, and that low temperature extremes likely drive spring phenology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T04:22:16Z","timestamp":1674620536000},"page":"686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of Climate Extremes on Spring Phenology of Temperate Vegetation in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Zunchi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"given":"Fanghua","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongshuo","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Urry, J. 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