{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:57:15Z","timestamp":1784905035993,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["223254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223254"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["270959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270959"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["325961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["325961"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["328724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["328724"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["24\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Norway","award":["4000132515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000132515"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["223254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223254"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["270959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["270959"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["325961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["325961"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["328724"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["328724"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["24\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Norwegian Space Agency and the European Space Agency","award":["4000132515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000132515"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The HYPSO-1 satellite, a 6U CubeSat carrying a hyperspectral imager, was launched on 13 January 2022, with the Goal of imaging ocean color in support of marine research. This article describes the development and current status of the mission and payload operations, including examples of agile planning, captures with low revisit time and time series acquired during a campaign. The in-orbit performance of the hyperspectral instrument is also characterized. The usable spectral range of the instrument is in the range of 430 nm to 800 nm over 120 bands after binning during nominal captures. The spatial resolvability is found empirically to be below 2.2 pixels in terms of Full-Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) at 565 nm. This measure corresponds to an inherent ground resolvable resolution of 142 m across-track for close to nadir capture. In the across-track direction, there are 1216 pixels available, which gives a swath width of 70 km. However, the 684 center pixels are used for nominal captures. With the nominal pixels used in the across-track direction, the nadir swath-width is 40 km. The spectral resolution in terms of FWHM is estimated to be close to 5 nm at the center wavelength of 600 nm, and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is evaluated to be greater than 300 at 450 nm to 500 nm for Top-of-Atmosphere (ToA) signals. Examples of images from the first months of operations are also shown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1675073968000},"page":"755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["HYPSO-1 CubeSat: First Images and In-Orbit Characterization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8293-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivert","family":"Bakken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SINTEF Ocean, 7052 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie B.","family":"Henriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic Geophysics, The University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Svalbard, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0740-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis D.","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00ebnne E.","family":"Oudijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simen","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9276-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeshi","family":"Pursley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8265-0661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Gran-Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Honor\u00e9-Livermore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz E.","family":"Gr\u00f8tte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn A.","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6304-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Orlandic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7078-0298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asgeir J.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Sigernes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic Geophysics, The University Centre in Svalbard, 9171 Svalbard, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geir","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre 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