{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:40:15Z","timestamp":1779907215494,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The precise point positioning service on B2b signal (PPP-B2b) is a real-time decimeter-level positioning service provided by the BeiDou-3 Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3). The service provides users with high-precision orbit and clock corrections through geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, which means that the PPP-B2b service would be unusable if GEO satellites were blocked. In this study, the performance of PPP-B2b corrections and real-time positioning results during outages of the PPP-B2b service are comprehensively investigated. The results showed that PPP can achieve satisfactory accuracy during outages of the PPP-B2b service by extending the nominal validity of the received PPP-B2b corrections. After extending the PPP-B2b corrections for 10 min, for BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, the mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of the extended orbit were 0.16 m, 0.26 m, and 0.23 m in the radial, along-, and cross-track directions, respectively. The accuracy of the BDS-3 inclined geostationary orbit (IGSO) satellites was slightly worse than that of the BDS-3 MEO satellites; for Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, the mean RMSE values of the extended orbit were 0.11 m, 0.45 m, and 0.33 m in the radial, along-, and cross-track directions, respectively. In terms of the extended clock, the mean standard deviation (STD) reached 0.17 ns, 0.20 ns, and 0.22 ns after 10 min for the BDS-3 MEO, BDS-3 IGSO, and GPS satellites, respectively. The positioning performance maintained with the extended corrections during the PPP-B2b service outage was evaluated based on five stations in and around China. Our experiments showed that, as long as the interruption time does not exceed 10 min, the real-time positioning with extended PPP-B2b corrections can achieve a comparable accuracy with that obtained following PPP-B2b correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15030784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1675073968000},"page":"784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Real-Time Precise Point Positioning during Outages of the PPP-B2b Service"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communicating Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-6630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communicating Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5441-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haobo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science (Geospatial Sciences), Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiji","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communicating Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2005.05.125","article-title":"The International GPS service: Celebrating the 10th anniversary and looking to the next decade","volume":"36","author":"Dow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. 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